Year of Taiping: I understand that Qi Langjun wants to kill Hu Jinsi at the Mid-Autumn Festival banquet, and then I realize that he is foolish and has ruined the country! ,Chong Chen, Taiping Year, Wu Yue Kingdom, Mid-Autumn Festival Banquet, Hu Jinsi
During my trip to South America at the end of last year, because the cruise ship had no internet connection at sea, I didn't receive the express delivery message until I landed in Mexico. It had been delayed for three days, so I hurriedly notified my wife to pick it up. My wife told me that there were three books and sent me photos. They were Ms. Yao Zhenghua's "The Scholar Is Forever" and Mr. Hu Hongxia's "Four Episodes in the Night Study: The Forest of Books and the Fun of Books" and "Five Episodes in the Night Study: My City and My Books". I can’t help but wonder what new plays Da Xia will direct on the stage of Night Study, and what new horizons Xiao Yao will open up for us in the ninth book of the Book Man series.
When I returned to Nanjing a month and a half later, the first thing I did was to read the new books of this virtuous couple. As expected, the spring breeze brought peaches and plums to life, each with its own new look.
"Night Study" was first the name of Hu Hongxia's newspaper column, and later became his public account on the Internet, and was gradually compiled into a book. The first thing I read was the imitation leather hardcover edition published by Yuelu Publishing House in 2011. On the title page was a message from the hero on December 24, 2012. In my mind, that was also the time when I first met him. There is a bookplate on the front of the book that says "Hong Xia hides beauties, three thousand volumes of beauties in the harem". Because this edition "only printed a thousand copies and was not widely sold", there was a new edition by Zhejiang University Press in 2018. At this time, there were plans to continue the book. The title was changed to "The First Collection of Night Study". As a matter of fact, one after another, not only is the "Night Study" series no longer "lonely", but the hero's study has also become a cultural landmark in Shenzhen.
The two new episodes of "Night Study" are different from the previous three episodes in that they have an additional book title and a clear theme. In fact, they are a transition from a general to a specialist. That is what the author said in "Night Study Room Four Episodes - Preface": "I tried to use 'bricks' that shine with different lights and glow with different colors to build a few more unique buildings. In other words, those scattered reading words were originally like stragglers. This time I organized them into different new formations to perform their own new tasks."
The episode "Book Forest and Book Fun" focuses on the beauty of books, "trying to establish your own 'overall view of books'" to cope with the new situation of the "winter of paper books", and "providing fellow book lovers with a few more reasons to love books even more." The so-called "whole book view" regards the beauty of books as a whole: "Books integrate writing, fonts, typesetting, illustrations, paper, bookplates, book seals, cover design, binding, printing and other arts into one. Even if their stylistic content can be moved to other carriers, their material form is irreplaceable as an artistic carrier. Moreover, sometimes books themselves are art." ("Why Books Will Not Die") as early as "Night" In "The First Episode of the Study", Daxia has already paid attention to the "death" issue of paper books: "Those 'industry insiders' are announcing the 'death date' of paper books again. So I guess what printed books will look like ten or twenty years from now. When e-readers all collect rows and cabinets of E-BOOKs, can we wait until the advent of another era that pays attention to the art of books?" ("The Era of the "Illustrated Collection"). After more than ten years, the author's thinking has become more in-depth, the discussion has become more systematic, and he has quoted from many sources, trying to clarify the artistic and aesthetic functions of books in addition to their function as text carriers, until they become independent works of art. "Time turns 'practical' into 'useless', and 'useless' makes 'objects' into 'art' - many phenomena can be explained clearly by this principle." He also "discovered an interesting and strange phenomenon", that is, "China's most beautiful books" and "Shenzhen Reading Month's top ten books of the year", and the best-selling books in major bookstores "the books in these three categories of lists basically do not overlap", that is, "the tearing of 'beautiful books' and 'good books'", so he proposed the vision of selecting "beautiful books of the year". The first 16 pages of color illustrations are the design work done by students from the School of Art and Design of Zhongyuan Institute of Technology for "The First Collection of Night Study", which can be regarded as a practice in pursuing the beauty of books.
"Four Episodes of Night Study: Books and Interests in Books", written by Hu Hongxia, published by Zhejiang University Press in 2025
In the episode "My City and My Books", the author's "Preface" explains: "The collected articles are divided into three series: my city, books written by people in the city, and prefaces and postscripts written by me." "'My City' refers to books from the city of Shenzhen," which focuses on urban culture. My favorite part is the "My Book" part, which is the preface and postscript written by the hero for his own book. From it, we can clearly see his writing and ideological process, and it can be reflected in the urban cultural development of Shenzhen: "If you want to have a sense of 'my city', you may need to find a token that 'I' and the 'city' belong to each other and achieve each other. My token is the book." Books written by friends in Shenzhen, and the prefaces and postscripts written by heroes for these books are also such tokens. The colorful insert at the front of this book is the cover of "My Book". I have read most of his books, and I never expected that there would be so many editions.
"Five Episodes of Night Study: My City and My Books", written by Hu Hongxia, published by Zhejiang University Press in 2025
In my impression, it was Xiao Yao who I was familiar with first. She hosts a weekly reading magazine at Shenzhen Evening News and can always choose topics that suit you, so friends are happy to be her authors. Later I discovered that I actually read Daxia's books earlier. His books "New Views on Old Illustrations" and "Moonlight in Old Times" he edited are both on the bookshelf, but I didn't remember the names. When I met him, he was already a famous hero in the world. Where the "bigness" of heroes comes from, I am afraid few people have delved into it. I saw in the preface to "So-called Middle Age, So-called Youth" that he quoted Paulo Coelho's "Destiny Theory" and wrote: "Think about it, after living for 50 years, you can be more ambitious. The so-called youth means being brave enough to add, and you must be bold; the so-called middle age means being good at subtraction, and you must be bold." He has indeed done a series of bold and courageous things: such as initiating and long-term hosting of the "Top Ten Best Book Selection of the Year" for Shenzhen Reading Month, which has had a profound impact on the national reading community. For example, he edited China's first "Private Reading History" to reflect the cultural changes in the era of reform and opening up with personalized reading. For example, "Contrast Notes @ 1963", "Three of Us @ 1963" and "Three Lives Three Worlds @ 1963" with Ma Jiahui and Yang Zhao, who "lived in the same age but in different places, and testified to each other's distant life journeys" (Zhang Dachun's "Three"), the casual and interesting "Wei Shuhua", and even the "Fei Diary" written on Xianxian Shuhua, are all pioneering works. Even if the Ye Shufang public account is updated every day, "burning a brick every day", it is very difficult for people to persist. I can't even check the public account that I follow every day. For example, "1984" collected various texts. It is known that there are more than 300 volumes. His "Taiwan's "1984"" has become an important document for studying the history of the Chinese translation and publication of the book. "It turns out that history and truth can be eliminated by simplifying and assembling language. When we no longer speak the language we are familiar with and no longer read the classic books of this nation, the values, life, and customs we once had will gradually drift away, disappear, and cannot be found again." How sad and profound. The hero is so great that he lives up to his reputation.
Xiao Yao's "little" is naturally because she was young back then, not because she was made smaller by the hero's "big". Just like a ship sailing in the rivers and lakes, the hero's bold and humorous words are like the bow of the ship fighting against the wind and waves, and the calm whispers of Xiao Yao are the rudder of the ship's stern. When reading Xiao Yao's book series, I can see great things in every aspect of his works, especially in sorting out the ideological context from a cross-cultural perspective. He can be said to be a white eyebrow in the current calligraphy circle.
"Liu Ren Long", written by Yao Zhenghua, published by Zhejiang University Press in 2025
The writing style of the Book Man series is characterized by simplicity, just as Mr. Zhong Shuhe said in the inscription to her: "The redundant and complicated are trimmed away, leaving the thinness, and the painting is raw and mature." The titles of the books are becoming more and more subtle. I once talked about the double entendre of "The Book Man", and "The Book Man Lu Li" was my suggestion. Xiao Yao said in "Shu Ren Jiu Chang·Postscript" that "Shu Ren You Qi" and "Shu Ren Jiu Chang" were Mr. Yang Zhishui's destiny: "The ninth book "Shu Ren Jiu Chang" will be closed and start a new series. She also said that if nine is good, it can be long; if ten is full, there is no room." Xiao Yao obviously accepted this suggestion: "Because of the ending, 'Nine' 'It becomes even more grand." She quoted Helen Macdonald's discussion of "trying to see with eyes that are not your own, so as to understand that the way you see the world is not the only one" and Koji Iizuka's discussion of "making enemies of a group of preconceived notions or academic common sense that once got along well, breaking the 'established', and a new world will appear in front of you." : "China's social structure has changed rapidly. Until now, we have not understood many basic historical facts, let alone paid attention to them. Everyone has taken it for granted without realizing it. We have many confused understandings or biased cognitions. It is necessary to 'try to see with eyes that are not our own', fight against preconceived notions, get out of the cave, and go again." "Understanding." In this book, there are Luo Zhitian's new perspective on the "May Fourth Movement", Wang Mingke's "marginal writing" that is different from the Chinese central view of history, Yao Dali's vigilance against non-historicism, Ma Yong's review of the history of the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, Wesson's "Rereading Hayek" and "Rereading Keynes"... all show the brilliance of breaking the "established". Xiao Yao Shu said that the vastness of the sea and sky is often astonishing, and we also know that only one-eighth of the iceberg is exposed to the sea. The breadth and depth of her reading can be gleaned from her public account "Yao Yan Shu Shi", which also makes us look forward to her new book series.
Literary couples are well-matched and have always been praised as good stories. As far as I know, the most well-matched couples who are still active in the reading world are Chen Pingyuan and Xia Xiaohong in the north, and Daxia and Xiao Yao in the south. Nowadays, under the guidance of the heroes, everyone has changed their name to Teacher Yao. Those who are accustomed to calling Xiao Yao are probably only old friends from the early years.
Chapter 1 General Provisions
Article 1 In order to standardize the internal control of SGG Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as the "Company") and promote the company's standardized operation and healthy development, this system is formulated in accordance with relevant regulations such as the Company Law of the People's Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as the "Company Law"), the Securities Law of the People's Republic of China, the Shenzhen Stock Exchange GEM Stock Listing Rules (hereinafter referred to as the "Listing Rules") and the Articles of Association of SGG (hereinafter referred to as the "Articles of Association").
Article 2 Internal control as referred to in this system refers to the process by which the company's board of directors, audit committee, senior managers and other relevant personnel provide reasonable guarantees to achieve the following goals:
(1) Comply with national laws, regulations, rules and other relevant provisions;
(2) Improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the company’s operations;
(3) Ensure the safety of the company’s assets.
Article 3 Relevant principles followed by the company’s internal control system:
(1) Principle of comprehensiveness: Internal control should run through the entire process of decision-making, implementation and supervision, covering various businesses and matters of the company and its subsidiaries.
(2) Principle of materiality: Internal control should focus on important business matters and high-risk areas on the basis of comprehensive control.
(3) Principle of checks and balances: Internal control should form mutual constraints and supervision in terms of governance structure, institutional setup, distribution of powers and responsibilities, business processes, etc., while taking into account operational efficiency.
(4) Principle of adaptability: Internal control should be adapted to the company's operating scale, business scope, competition status, risk level, etc., and should be adjusted in a timely manner as the situation changes.
(5) Cost-benefit principle: Internal control should weigh implementation costs and expected benefits to achieve effective control at an appropriate cost.
Article 4 The board of directors is responsible for the establishment, improvement and effective implementation of internal control. The Audit Committee supervises the establishment and implementation of internal controls by the Board of Directors. Managers are responsible for organizing and leading the daily operation of the enterprise's internal controls.
Chapter 2 Basic Requirements
Article 5 The company’s internal control should fully consider the following elements:
(1) Internal environment: various comprehensive factors that affect the formulation, operation and effectiveness of the internal control system, including the company's organizational structure, corporate culture, risk concepts, business style, personnel management policies, etc.;
(2) Goal setting: The company’s management sets the company’s strategic goals based on the company’s actual operating characteristics, and breaks them down and implements them at all levels within the company;
(3) Event identification: The company's management identifies internal and external events that affect the realization of the company's goals and distinguishes risks and opportunities;
(4) Risk assessment: The company's management analyzes various internal and external risks that affect the realization of its goals, and considers their possibility and degree of impact so that the company can formulate necessary countermeasures;
(5) Risk countermeasures: The company's management adopts risk response methods of avoiding, reducing, sharing or accepting according to the company's actual operating characteristics and risk tolerance, and formulates corresponding risk control measures;
(6) Control activities: The measures and procedures adopted by the company’s management to ensure the effective execution and implementation of risk countermeasures, mainly including approval, authorization, verification, coordination, review, regular inventory, record verification, property protection, separation of responsibilities, performance appraisal, etc.;
(7) Information communication: identify and collect relevant information from inside and outside the company, and effectively deliver it to relevant personnel in a timely manner;
(8) Inspection and supervision: Supervise and evaluate the effectiveness of the company's internal controls through continuous supervision activities, special supervision and evaluation, or a combination of both.
Article 6 The company shall improve its corporate governance structure and formulate systems such as the Rules of Procedure for the Shareholders' Meeting, the Rules of Procedure for the Board of Directors, the Working Rules for the Secretary of the Board of Directors, and the Working Rules for the President to ensure the legal operation and scientific decision-making of the shareholders' meeting, the Board of Directors, the Audit Committee and other institutions; establish an effective incentive and restraint mechanism, establish risk prevention awareness, cultivate a good corporate spirit and internal control culture, and create an environment in which all employees fully understand and perform their duties.
Article 7 The company should clearly define the goals, responsibilities and authorities of each department and position, establish corresponding authorization, inspection and level-by-level accountability systems to ensure that they perform their functions within the scope of authorization; establish a complete control structure and formulate control procedures between all levels to ensure that matters resolved by the board of directors and instructions issued by senior managers can be strictly implemented.
Article 8 The company's internal control activities should cover all operational aspects of the company, including but not limited to: sales and collections, purchase expenses and payments, fixed asset management, inventory management, budget management, fund management (including investment and financing management), major investment management, financial reporting, cost and expense control, information disclosure, human resources management and information system management, etc.
Article 9 The company should focus on strengthening the management control of its holding subsidiaries, strengthen the control of related transactions, external guarantees, use of raised funds, major investments, information disclosure and other important activities, and establish corresponding control systems and procedures.
Article 10 The company should establish a complete risk assessment system, continuously monitor operational risks, financial risks, market risks, legal risks, etc., promptly discover and evaluate various risks faced by the company, and take necessary control measures.
Chapter 3 focuses on control activities
Section 1 Internal Control of Controlled Subsidiaries
Article 11 A company shall exercise management control over its holding subsidiaries, which shall at least include the following control activities:
(1) Establish a control system for each holding subsidiary and clarify the selection methods, responsibilities and authority of directors, supervisors and important senior managers assigned to the holding subsidiary;
(2) Supervise each holding subsidiary to establish corresponding business plans and risk management procedures based on the company's business strategies and risk management policies;
(3) Require each holding subsidiary to establish a major event reporting system and clarify review procedures, promptly report major business matters, major financial matters and other information that may have a significant impact on the trading price of the company's stocks and derivatives to the person in charge of the company, and report major matters to the company's board of directors or shareholders' meeting for review in strict accordance with the authorization regulations;
(4) Require controlled subsidiaries to promptly submit their board of directors' resolutions, shareholders' meeting resolutions and other important documents to the company's board secretary, and report matters that may have a greater impact on the trading prices of the company's stocks and their derivatives;
(5) Regularly obtain and analyze quarterly or monthly reports of each holding subsidiary, including operating reports, production and sales reports, balance sheets, income statements, cash flow statements, reports on providing funds to others and providing external guarantees, etc.;
(6) Establish a performance appraisal and incentive and restraint system for each holding subsidiary;
(7) Evaluate the implementation of the internal control system of the holding subsidiaries and its inspection and supervision work.
Article 12 If a company's holding subsidiaries also control other companies, that is, if the company has multiple levels of subordinate companies, its holding subsidiaries should be urged to refer to the requirements of this system and establish a management and control system for its subordinate subsidiaries layer by layer.
Section 2 Internal Control of Related Party Transactions
Article 13 The company shall establish and improve the internal control system for related-party transactions, follow the principles of good faith, equality, voluntariness, fairness, openness and impartiality, and shall not harm the interests of the company and shareholders, conceal related relationships or de-related transactions.
Article 14 The company shall, in accordance with the provisions of relevant laws, administrative regulations, departmental rules, normative documents, the Listing Rules, Standardized Operation Guidelines and other relevant provisions of the Shenzhen Stock Exchange, clarify in the Articles of Association the approval authority of the company's shareholders' meeting and the board of directors on related party transactions, and stipulate the review procedures and avoidance of voting requirements for related party transactions.
Article 15 The company shall refer to the Listing Rules and other relevant regulations of the Shenzhen Stock Exchange to determine the list of related persons of the company and update it in a timely manner to ensure that the list of related persons is true, accurate and complete.
When transactions occur between the company and its holding subsidiaries, the relevant responsible persons should carefully check the list of related parties and prudently determine whether it constitutes a related transaction. If it constitutes a related party transaction, the approval and reporting obligations shall be fulfilled within their respective authority.
Article 16 Related transactions that should be disclosed shall be submitted to a special meeting of independent directors for review, and with the approval of more than half of all independent directors, they shall be submitted to the board of directors for review.
Article 17 When the company convenes a board meeting to review related party transactions, the convener of the meeting should remind the related directors to abstain from voting before voting at the meeting. If the related director fails to take the initiative to declare and recuse himself, the director who is aware of the situation should request the related director to recuse himself. When the company's shareholders' meeting considers related party transactions, the company's board of directors should remind the related shareholders to abstain from voting before the shareholders vote.
Article 18 When reviewing related party transactions, the company shall:
(1) Understand the true status of the transaction object in detail, including the operational status and profitability of the transaction object, whether there are rights defects such as mortgages and freezes, and legal disputes such as litigation and arbitration;
(2) Understand in detail the integrity record, credit status, performance ability, etc. of the counterparty, and select the counterparty prudently;
(3) Determine the transaction price based on sufficient pricing basis;
(4) In compliance with the relevant requirements of the Listing Rules or when the company deems it necessary, hire an intermediary to audit or evaluate the transaction target.
Article 19 The company shall not review and make decisions on related party transactions under any of the following circumstances:
(1) The status of the transaction subject matter is unclear;
(2) The transaction price has not been determined;
(3) The situation of the counterparty is unclear;
(4) This transaction causes or may cause the company to be occupied by non-operating funds of the controlling shareholder, actual controller and its affiliated enterprises;
(5) This transaction causes or may cause the company to provide guarantees for related parties in violation of regulations;
(6) Other situations that result in or may result in the company's interests being misappropriated by related parties as a result of this transaction.
Article 20 If a company intends to give up part or all of its right to increase capital in proportion to a company that has jointly invested with a related party or its priority to transfer, it shall use the sum of the company's actual capital increase or transfer amount and the amount involved in giving up its right to increase capital in equal proportion or its priority to transfer as the transaction amount of the related transaction, and shall perform corresponding review procedures and information disclosure obligations.
Article 21 If the company's related-party transactions need to be submitted to the shareholders' meeting for review due to the principle of cumulative calculation for twelve consecutive months, it only needs to submit the current related-party transaction to the shareholders' meeting for review, and disclose all related-party transactions that have occurred in the previous period in this related-party transaction announcement.
Article 22 Transactions between the company and related parties should be signed in writing to clarify the rights, obligations and legal responsibilities of both parties.
Directors and senior managers of the company are obliged to pay attention to whether the company has misappropriation of funds and other problems that have infringed the company's interests by related parties. The methods of attention include but are not limited to inquiries and inquiries.
Article 23 If related parties cause losses or are likely to cause losses to a listed company due to the occupation or transfer of company funds, assets or other resources, the company's board of directors shall promptly take protective measures such as litigation and property preservation to avoid or reduce the losses, and hold the relevant personnel accountable.
Section 3 Internal Control of External Guarantees
Article 24 The internal control of a company's external guarantees shall follow the principles of legality, prudence, mutual benefit and safety, and strictly control risks.
Article 25 The company shall, in accordance with relevant laws, administrative regulations, departmental rules, normative documents, the Listing Rules, Standardized Operation Guidelines and other relevant provisions of the Shenzhen Stock Exchange, clarify in the Articles of Association the approval authority of the shareholders' meeting and the board of directors regarding external guarantee matters, as well as the accountability mechanism for violations of the approval authority and review procedures. The company shall not provide external guarantees without the approval of the board of directors or shareholders' meeting.
When determining the approval authority, the company should implement the relevant provisions of the Listing Rules on the cumulative calculation of external guarantees.
Article 26 The company's board of directors shall fully investigate the business and credit status of the guaranteed party before considering the external guarantee proposal, carefully review and analyze the guaranteed party's financial status, operating conditions, industry prospects and credit situation, and make decisions prudently and in accordance with the law. The company can hire an external professional agency to evaluate the guarantee risk when necessary, which can be used as a basis for the board of directors or shareholders' meeting to make decisions.
Article 27 When a company provides external guarantees, it shall require the other party to provide a counter-guarantee, and carefully judge the actual guarantee capacity of the counter-guarantee provider and the enforceability of the counter-guarantee.
Article 28 The sponsor or independent financial advisor (if applicable) shall express independent opinions on its legality and compliance, impact on the company and existing risks when the board of directors considers external guarantee matters (except for guarantees provided to subsidiaries within the scope of consolidation). If necessary, an accounting firm may be hired to verify the company's cumulative and current external guarantees. If any abnormality is discovered, it shall be promptly reported to the board of directors and regulatory authorities and announced.
Article 29 The company shall properly manage the guarantee contract and related original data, conduct timely cleaning and inspection, and regularly check with banks and other relevant institutions to ensure that the archived data is complete, accurate and effective, and pay attention to the timeliness and period of the guarantee.
If the company discovers an abnormal contract that has not been approved by the board of directors or the shareholders' meeting during the contract management process, it should report it to the board of directors and the audit committee in a timely manner and make an announcement.
Article 30 The company should assign a dedicated person to continuously pay attention to the situation of the guaranteed person, collect the latest financial information and audit report of the guaranteed person, regularly analyze its financial status and solvency, pay attention to its production and operation, assets and liabilities, external guarantees, divisions and mergers, changes in legal representatives, etc., establish relevant financial files, and report to the board of directors regularly.
If it is discovered that the business conditions of the guaranteed party have seriously deteriorated or major events such as company dissolution or division have occurred, the relevant responsible persons should report to the board of directors in a timely manner. The board of directors should take effective measures to minimize losses.
Article 31 After the externally guaranteed debt matures, the company shall urge the guaranteed party to perform its debt repayment obligations within a limited time. If the guaranteed party fails to perform its obligations on time, the company shall take necessary remedial measures in a timely manner.
Article 32 If the debt guaranteed by the company needs to be extended after maturity and the company needs to continue to provide guarantees, it shall be used as a new external guarantee and the guarantee approval procedures and information disclosure obligations shall be performed again.
Article 33 For external guarantees provided by a company's controlled subsidiaries, the company shall implement the above provisions of this section mutatis mutandis. The company's controlled subsidiaries should promptly notify the company to perform information disclosure obligations in accordance with regulations after its board of directors or shareholders' meeting makes a resolution.
Section 4 Internal Control on the Use of Raised Funds
Article 34 The company's internal control over the use of raised funds shall follow the principles of standardization, safety, efficiency, and transparency, abide by commitments, and focus on efficiency of use.
Article 35 The company should establish a management system for raised funds and clearly stipulate the storage, use, change, supervision and accountability of raised funds in special accounts.
Article 36 The company shall carry out special account storage and management of raised funds, sign a three-party supervision agreement with the account-opening bank and the sponsor institution for the special account of raised funds, and keep track of the fund dynamics of the special account for raised funds.
Article 37 The company should formulate strict approval procedures and management procedures for the use of raised funds to ensure that the raised funds are used in accordance with the purposes listed in the prospectus and are invested in investment projects with raised funds according to the project budget.
Article 38 The company should track the project progress and the use of raised funds to ensure that the investment project is implemented according to the company's commitment plan. Relevant departments should detail the specific work progress to ensure that all work can be carried out as planned, and regularly report the specific work progress to the board of directors and the company's finance department. If the project cannot proceed normally according to the investment plan due to unforeseen objective factors, the company shall promptly perform reporting and announcement obligations in accordance with relevant regulations.
Article 39 The company shall have its internal audit department track and supervise the use of raised funds and report to the board of directors every quarter. The audit committee should monitor the use of raised funds and conduct regular inspections on the use of raised funds. The audit committee may hire an accounting firm to conduct a special review of the use of raised funds in accordance with the Articles of Association.
Article 40 The company shall cooperate with the sponsor's supervision work, proactively inform the sponsor of the use of its raised funds, authorize the sponsor representative to go to the relevant bank to inquire about the withdrawal of raised funds and provide other necessary cooperation and information.
Article 41 If the company really needs to change the use of raised funds or change the project investment method due to market changes, it must be reviewed by the company's board of directors, the sponsor and sponsor representatives must be notified, and submitted to the shareholders' meeting for approval in accordance with the law.
Article 42 If the company decides to terminate the original investment project with raised funds, it should choose a new investment project as soon as possible. The company's board of directors should make a prudent analysis of the feasibility, necessity and investment benefits of newly raised funds investment projects.
Article 43 The company shall comprehensively check the progress of the investment projects with raised funds after the end of each accounting year and make corresponding disclosures in the annual report.
Section 5 Internal Control of Major Investments
Article 44 The internal control of a company's major investments should follow the principles of legality, prudence, safety and effectiveness, control investment risks and focus on investment returns.
Article 45 The company should clarify in the Articles of Association the authority of the shareholders' meeting and the board of directors to review and approve major investments, formulate corresponding review procedures and perform the review and approval of major investments in accordance with the corresponding procedures.
Article 46 The strategic investment department of the company is responsible for the research and evaluation of the feasibility, investment risks, investment returns and other matters of the company's major investment projects, and supervises the implementation progress of major investment projects. If any abnormalities in the investment projects are discovered, it should be reported to the company's board of directors in a timely manner.
Article 47 After careful consideration, a company may decide to use its own funds to invest in securities, entrust financial management, or invest in derivative products such as futures, options, warrants, etc. based on stocks, interest rates, exchange rates, and commodities. If the company still decides to carry out the aforementioned investment after careful consideration, it should establish strict decision-making procedures, reporting systems and monitoring measures, and determine the investment scale and term based on the company's risk tolerance.
The company's securities investment, entrusted financial management or derivative product investment matters shall be reviewed and approved by the company's board of directors or shareholders' meeting, and the power of approving entrusted financial management shall not be delegated to individual directors or operating management of the company.
Article 48 When a company engages in entrusted financial management, it shall select a qualified professional financial institution with good credit and financial status, no bad integrity records and strong profitability as the trustee, and sign a written contract with the trustee to clearly define the amount, period, investment types, rights, obligations and legal responsibilities of both parties, etc.
The company's board of directors should assign a dedicated person to track the progress of entrusted financial management and investment safety status, and require him or her to report in a timely manner when any abnormal situation occurs, so that the board of directors can immediately take effective measures to recover funds and avoid or reduce the company's losses.
Article 49 When a company makes securities investment, the company's board of directors and shareholders' meeting shall make prudent decisions on securities investment, rationally arrange and use funds, strive to develop the company's main business, and strictly control investment risks.
Article 50 If a company's total securities investment accounts for more than 10% of its latest audited net assets and exceeds 10 million yuan, it shall be reviewed and approved by the board of directors and disclosed in a timely manner before investment; if a company's total securities investment accounts for more than 50% of its most recent audited net assets and exceeds 50 million yuan, or if it should be submitted to the shareholders' meeting for review according to the provisions of the Articles of Association, the company, in addition to timely disclosure in accordance with the aforementioned provisions, before investing, shall also submit it to the shareholders' meeting for review.
After the securities investment plan is reviewed and approved by the board of directors or shareholders' meeting, the company shall promptly report the corresponding securities investment account and capital account information to the Shenzhen Stock Exchange, conduct daily accounting of its securities investment business in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises, present it correctly in the financial statements, and disclose the securities investment and corresponding profits and losses during the reporting period in regular reports.
Article 51 The company's board of directors should regularly understand the implementation progress and investment benefits of major investment projects. If there is failure to invest as planned, failure to realize project expected returns, investment losses, etc., the company's board of directors should identify the reasons, take effective measures in a timely manner, and hold the relevant personnel accountable.
Section 6 Internal Control of Information Disclosure
Article 52 The company shall formulate relevant information disclosure management systems in accordance with the Listing Rules, Standardized Operation Guidelines and relevant laws and regulations, standardize the scope and content of the company's major information, as well as the procedures and precautions for internal reporting, circulation, and external release of undisclosed major information, as well as the accountability mechanism for violations of information disclosure regulations and other matters. The information disclosure management system shall be reviewed and approved by the company's board of directors and announced.
The company should designate the board secretary to be specifically responsible for information disclosure. The company should ensure that the secretary of the board of directors can obtain relevant information in a timely and smooth manner. Directors, senior managers and other personnel other than the secretary of the board of directors shall not release any undisclosed material information of the company to the outside world without the written authorization of the board of directors and in compliance with relevant provisions such as the "Listing Rules" and "Guidelines for Standardized Operations".
Article 53 When situations or events that may have a greater impact on the trading price of the company's stocks and their derivatives occur, occur or are about to occur, the responsible person with reporting obligations shall report the relevant information to the company's board of directors and the board secretary in a timely manner; when the board secretary needs to know the status and progress of major matters, relevant departments (including the company's holding subsidiaries) and personnel shall actively cooperate and assist, respond promptly, accurately and completely, and provide relevant information as required.
Article 54 The company shall formulate and strictly implement an internal confidentiality system for major information, strengthen the confidentiality work during the internal circulation of undisclosed major information, pay necessary attention and guidance to the company, controlling shareholders, actual controllers, company directors, senior managers and other core personnel in using websites, blogs, Weibo, WeChat and other media to release information, clarify the confidentiality level of undisclosed major information, minimize the scope of insiders, and ensure that undisclosed major information is under control.
Article 55 The company shall require its controlled subsidiaries to formulate an information disclosure management system with reference to the company's regulations, and clarify the scope of information, reporting procedures, etc. that the controlled subsidiaries should report to the secretary of the board of directors and the securities department.
Article 56 The company's board of directors shall carefully investigate and verify whether the contents of the rumors are true, whether the conclusions are tenable, the impact of the rumors, the relevant responsible persons, and other matters.
The objects of investigation and verification by the company's board of directors should be institutions or individuals that have a significant relationship with the rumors, including but not limited to company shareholders, actual controllers, industry associations, competent authorities, company directors, senior managers, relevant company departments, joint stock companies, partners, media, research institutions, etc.
Article 57 When investigating and verifying rumors, the company's board of directors should try its best to use written correspondence or entrust a lawyer to verify, so as to obtain conclusive evidence and ensure the authenticity, accuracy and completeness of the clarification announcement.
Article 58 The secretary of the company's board of directors shall analyze and judge the reported internal major information. If it is necessary to perform information disclosure obligations in accordance with regulations, the secretary of the board of directors shall report to the board of directors in a timely manner and request the board of directors to perform corresponding procedures and disclose to the public.
Chapter 4 Inspection and Disclosure of Internal Control
Article 59 The company shall establish an audit department, which shall be responsible to the audit committee, regularly inspect the company's internal control deficiencies, evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of its implementation, and make timely suggestions for improvement. The company's internal audit department should maintain independence and should not be placed under the leadership of the financial department, or work together with the financial department. The Audit Committee is responsible for supervising and evaluating the internal audit work.
Article 60 The company's internal audit department shall inspect and supervise the operation of the company's internal control, formulate an internal audit report on the internal control deficiencies and abnormal matters found during the inspection, improvement suggestions and resolution progress, and report them to the board of directors and the audit committee; the audit committee shall issue written evaluation opinions on the effectiveness of the company's internal control based on the internal audit report and relevant information submitted by the internal audit department and report to the board of directors.
The internal audit department shall report to the Audit Committee at least once a quarter, including the implementation of the internal audit plan and problems discovered during the internal audit work, and submit an internal control evaluation report to it at least once a year.
If the board of directors believes that there are major defects or major risks in the company's internal control, the board of directors shall report to the Shenzhen Stock Exchange in a timely manner and disclose it. The company shall disclose in the announcement any major deficiencies or major risks in internal control, the consequences that have or may result, and the measures that have been taken or planned to be taken.
Article 61 The audit committee shall supervise the internal audit department to inspect the following matters at least once every six months, issue an inspection report and submit it to the audit committee. If the inspection finds that the company has violations of laws and regulations, irregular operations, etc., it should be reported to the Shenzhen Stock Exchange in a timely manner and the company should be urged to disclose to the outside world:
(1) The implementation of major events such as the use of funds raised by the company, provision of guarantees, related transactions, securities investments and derivatives transactions, provision of financial assistance, purchase or sale of assets, external investments, etc.;
(2) The company's large capital transactions and capital transactions with directors, senior managers, controlling shareholders, actual controllers and their related parties.
The audit committee shall issue written evaluation opinions on the effectiveness of the company's internal control based on the internal audit report and relevant materials submitted by the internal audit institution, and report to the board of directors.
Article 62 The audit committee shall issue an annual internal control evaluation report on the establishment and implementation of the internal control system related to financial reporting and information disclosure based on the evaluation report and relevant materials issued by the internal audit department. The internal control evaluation report should at least include the following contents:
(1) Statement by the board of directors on the authenticity of the internal control report;
(2) The overall situation of internal control evaluation work;
(3) The basis, scope, procedures and methods of internal control evaluation;
(4) Defects in internal control and their identification;
(5) Rectification of internal control deficiencies in the previous year;
(6) Rectification measures taken to address internal control deficiencies during the year;
(7) Conclusion on the effectiveness of internal control.
Article 63 The company's board of directors shall formulate a resolution on the internal control evaluation report while reviewing the annual report. The internal control evaluation report shall be submitted to the board of directors for review after being approved by more than half of all members of the audit committee. The sponsor or independent financial advisor (if any) shall verify the internal control evaluation report and issue verification opinions. If the sponsor institution or accounting firm points out that there are major deficiencies in the company's internal control, the company's board of directors shall make a special explanation of the matters involved. The special explanation shall at least include the basic information of the matters involved, the degree of impact of the matter on the effectiveness of the company's internal control, the board of directors' opinions on the matter, and specific measures to eliminate the matter and its impact.
Article 64 A company shall regard the soundness, completeness and effective implementation of the internal control system as one of the important indicators for the performance evaluation of the company's departments (including branches) and holding subsidiaries. The company should establish an accountability mechanism to investigate and deal with relevant responsible persons who violate the internal control system and affect the implementation of the internal control system.
Chapter 5 Supplementary Provisions
Article 65 Matters not covered by this system shall be implemented in accordance with relevant laws, administrative regulations, and relevant provisions of the China Securities Regulatory Commission and Shenzhen Stock Exchange. If this system conflicts with laws, regulations, administrative regulations, normative documents, relevant rules of the Shenzhen Stock Exchange, and relevant provisions of the Articles of Association, the aforementioned relevant provisions shall prevail.
Article 66 The board of directors shall modify and supplement this system in accordance with the provisions of relevant laws and regulations and the actual situation of the company.
Article 67 This system shall come into effect from the date of deliberation and approval by the board of directors.
The costume romance historical drama "The Year of Peace" is directed by Yang Lei, written by Dong Zhe, starring Bai Yu and Zhou Yutong, with Zhu Yawen in the special starring role, and is currently on the air.
Qi Langjun was completely stupid and crazy. He had completely forgotten the legacy of his sixth brother and the loyal advice of his two husbands. However, he believed He Chengxun's slander so much that he even planned to kill Hu Jinsi, an important minister of the country, in public at the Mid-Autumn Festival banquet. If Brother Six knew about such a ridiculous move, he would probably be furious and wish he could get up from his coffin and teach him a lesson.
When you are in power in troubled times, you are most afraid of being ignorant and ignorant, and mistrusting treacherous people. If you are not careful, you will be doomed. However, Qilang Jun seemed to be possessed by evil spirits. At the Mid-Autumn Festival banquet, he openly humiliated Hu Jinsi, scolding him as a low-born butcher butcher and unworthy of the post of Chief Sima. He knew clearly that this was Hu Jinsi's rebellion, but he wanted to use it to establish his authority in an attempt to suppress this veteran of three dynasties. However, Hu Jinsi had been on the battlefield for a long time and had a strong temperament. How could he let others bully him?
Hu Jinsi's counterattack was sonorous, insinuating that Qilangjun had forgotten his roots. He bluntly said that he and King Xianwusu were from humble backgrounds, but they worked together to conquer the thirteen states of Wuyue. Without their bloody battles back then, there would be no Wuyue Kingdom today, and there would be no successor like Qilangjun. These words were like a sharp blade, piercing Qi Langjun's painful spot. He was so angry that his veins popped out and he was so angry that he was about to smash his wine glass and send a signal for He Chengxun to lead his troops into the palace and kill Hu Jinsi on the spot.
At the critical moment, Lord Jiulang stepped forward, interrupted his movements in time, and stopped this shocking disaster. He knew very well that killing important ministers in public was a treasonous and unethical act, which had never happened even in the troubled times of the Central Plains. Once it happened, Wu Yue would lose face and fall into chaos. In desperation, Lord Jiulang quietly informed Duke Shuiqiu of the matter and begged the elder of the Three Dynasties to come forward to resolve the matter and preserve the foundation and face of generations of Wu and Yue people.
After hearing the news, Lord Shui Qiu immediately rushed to the side hall, sternly rebuked He Chengxun, and ordered him with the dignity of an important minister of the country to lead his troops back to the camp and wait for orders. If he dared to disobey, he would be killed on the spot. He Chengxun was as timid as a mouse, bullying the weak and afraid of the strong. Seeing this, he could only bow his head and obey the orders and retreat. The murderous intention of the Mid-Autumn Festival was temporarily subdued, but a bigger storm was already brewing secretly.
After the banquet, Duke Shuiqiu was left alone to admonish Qi Langjun. He bluntly said that with his nature, he would never easily have the desire to kill important ministers. There must be some villain behind the instigation, and he begged him to kill the treacherous traitor as a warning to others. But Qi Lang Jun was extremely stupid and indifferent. Even though Jiu Lang Jun tried his best to persuade him and pointed out that Hu Jinsi had seen through everything, was prepared, and had heavy troops. If he really took action, he would suffer backlash, Qi Lang Jun still refused to understand.
He Chengxun even confused right and wrong, blaming Shui Qiu Gong for his failure to kill Hu Jinsi. He also encouraged Qi Langjun that if he wanted to get rid of Hu Jinsi, he must find a legitimate reason to avoid the obstruction of ministers. These words gave the already mediocre Qi Langjun an even crazier idea. He ordered He Chengxun to see Hu Jinsi three days later and deliberately revealed his murderous intention. If Hu Jinsi did not fight back, He Chengxun would be demoted from Hangzhou, and otherwise he would be named the inner Yadu envoy.
But He Chengxun was cunning, greedy for life and afraid of death, and unwilling to take any risks. When the three-day deadline was up, he betrayed Qi Langjun without hesitation and revealed all the plans for the Mid-Autumn Festival murder and deliberate removal of Hu. He even framed the blame on Shuiqiu Gong, making Hu Jinsi murderous for this loyal veteran.
Qilangjun's stupidity is never inherently evil, but rather his mind is blinded by desire and slander, which is the biggest shortcoming of human nature. He did not listen to loyal advice, mistakenly believed in traitors, and personally pushed himself and the Wuyue Kingdom into the abyss of eternal destruction; He Chengxun sold his goods to seek glory, followed others' influence, and sought personal gain through the stupidity of others. In troubled times, when you are in power, mediocrity is your Achilles heel. Only by staying clear-headed and discerning between loyal and traitorous can you avoid disaster and settle down. This is the story that leaves the world with the most profound warning of human nature.
What do you think about this?
The defending champion Chinese women's football team made its 2026 Asian Cup debut yesterday. Facing the first opponent in the group stage, the underdog Bangladesh women's football team, the Chinese women's football team won 2-0 with the goals of Wang Shuang and Zhang Rui. However, this score obviously does not reflect the difference in strength between the two teams, and exposes the Chinese women's football team's lack of firepower and lack of coordination in the midfield and frontcourt.
The Chinese women's football team has an absolute advantage in both physical confrontation and technical ability. They continuously created threatening opportunities soon after the opening, but failed to convert them into goals. Until the 44th minute, Wang Shuang scored with a high-quality long shot to break the deadlock for the Chinese team. In the stoppage time of the first half, Zhang Rui once again scored with a long shot. The Chinese women's football team never scored again, and the score was fixed at 2-0.
"We were a little nervous today and were not able to fully control the rhythm as we usually do in training. Considering that this is the first game of the competition and the atmosphere is very enthusiastic, it is reasonable for this situation to occur. There are many players in today's starting lineup who are inexperienced in international competitions, and they still need time to adapt. "Chinese women's football coach Milicic, who suffered a serious crisis of confidence last year but finally stayed on, defended the team's performance after the game, saying, "No matter what, we won the game and completed a clean sheet. The whole team knows that we must continue to move forward, and we are also convinced that we can perform better."
There are three groups in this Asian Cup. The Chinese women's football team is in Group B with Bangladesh, Uzbekistan and North Korea. After the group stage, the top two teams in each group and the two third-placed teams with the best results will advance to the quarterfinals.
For the Chinese women's football team, the most ideal trend is to advance to the top of the group and face the second place in Group C in the quarter-finals. The Japanese team will definitely lock in the top spot in Group C, and the second place in this group will be Chinese Taipei or Vietnam. If the quarter-finals match against one of these two teams, the prospect of the Chinese women's football team breaking into the semi-finals and locking in qualifications for the World Cup in advance will be very clear. If the Chinese women's football team advances with the second place in Group B, the Chinese women's football team will face the second place in Group A in the quarter-finals, either the Australian team or the South Korean team. No matter who they face, it will be a tough battle.
This first victory exposed many problems of the Chinese women's football team - low offensive efficiency, failure to convert advantageous scenes into more goals, and too many midfield passing errors. If a solution cannot be found, it will be difficult for the Chinese women's football team to compete with the North Korean team for the top spot in the group.
Four years ago, the Chinese women's football team defeated Japan on penalty kicks in the semi-finals, defeated South Korea in the final, and regained the Asian Cup championship after 16 years. Compared with the previous tournament, the Chinese team faces greater challenges and more fierce competition in defending its title this time: the North Korean team, which was absent from the previous tournament, returns strongly, and the strong Australian team will also become an important force in the championship.
In another match in the same group that ended earlier, the North Korean team defeated Uzbekistan 3-0. The North Korean team has won the Asian Cup three times. This tournament is the first time the North Korean team has returned to the Asian Cup since 2010.
Yongzheng had read countless people in his life and had a very vicious eye, but he didn't figure out one thing: Why did the little girl named Yurao keep waving the handkerchief in front of him.
According to his opinion, this was nothing more than the little girl's heartlessness, and there was even a bit of flirting that wanted to catch her but then let her go on purpose.
But he got distracted.
There is no interest in it, it is clearly a high wall erected to keep strangers away.
The meaning of the endlessly spinning piece of silk could not be more obvious: I am still a young child, and I don’t understand your adults’ love tricks, nor am I interested in understanding them.
Looking at it another way, this is simply the most beautiful example of "rejecting an offer" in the Qing Dynasty drama.
Faced with the olive branch offered by the most powerful man in the world, how could a teenage girl dare to push it away?
Why can you push it away?
Digging deeper, there is actually a clear account book hidden here.
Let's turn the clock back and take a look at what's going on in this "deal."
That year, Yurao entered the palace to keep her sister company.
At this time, Zhen Huan had already taken root in the harem, and even her mother's family followed the chickens and dogs to heaven. Her father, Zhen Yuandao, was so red in the previous court.
According to common sense, this is a good situation for the Zhen family to enjoy unlimited scenery and the fire is cooking.
It happened that at this juncture, the emperor's eyes were fixed on Yurao.
The reason is quite sad to put it bluntly: this girl and Queen Chunyuan are almost carved from the same mold.
Even more similar than Zhen Huan.
Coupled with his wild temper and his courage to cry and laugh, he is a rarity in this lifeless red wall.
In the eyes of Lord Long Live, this is simply a gift from God - Queen Chunyuan's face, coupled with her lively temperament, isn't this the "perfect woman" in his dream.
Therefore, the emperor did not hide it, but directly revealed his trump card: he wanted to take her into the harem and become his empress.
This is a pie-in-the-sky good thing, and many people dare not even dream of it.
As long as you nod your head, you will immediately transform from a commoner to a relative of the emperor. You will enjoy endless glory and wealth, and your family's lintel will be glorious for eternity.
If it were done to others, they would probably kneel down and kowtow to thank you.
But Yurao was stunned and didn't take the opportunity.
What's going on?
Because there is a living "lesson" right under her nose - her own sister, Zhen Huan.
I remember that when Zhen Huan entered the palace, she was so beautiful that she stood out among all the beauties, and she was also spotted by the emperor.
From the outside, it looked like the emperor was showing great kindness, but everyone in the Zhen family was frightened.
The moment Zhen Yuandao sent his daughter off, he felt like he was on edge and on tenterhooks. Although Yurao was young, she could remember it all in her heart.
What happened later proved that Dad was right to worry.
Yurao has really seen how her sister lived in the palace these years.
Looking at her face to face, with the imperial concubine in front of her, the scenery is endless.
Where is Riko?
That means living with your head in your belt, being on tenterhooks all day, for fear of making the wrong move. Even if you are as smart as Zhen Huan, you still live like a frightened bird, always on guard against hurting someone.
The most chilling thing is that when you argue and get red-eyed, you think you have gained sincerity, but you find that you are a substitute.
Yurao, who was watching from the sidelines, felt like a mirror in his heart about this bad debt.
If I agree to the emperor, what will be the consequences?
It is nothing more than becoming the second Zhen Huan, or in other words, becoming the second more exquisite "ornament" of Queen Chunyuan.
In the Forbidden City, she would have to live in the shadow of others all her life, as a shadow girl without a name.
The benefits of this transaction are too small and the price is too high.
Now that the calculation is clear, a difficult question arises: how to deduce it?
This is long live the Lord.
To reply firmly with "I'm not happy" means that your life is too long, and you may have to involve the whole family.
Yurao was smart, and she used a trick of "softening and hardening".
This is the mystery of "turning the veil".
As soon as the emperor wanted to get close to him, or wanted to show his affection, she would absentmindedly fiddle with the silk in her hand, and she would deal with it with her mouth.
This action may look like a child acting out, but it is actually marking the right path.
She told the emperor in a different way: We are not the same people at all. I can't understand your deep love and righteousness, and you can't expect me to be as obedient to you as the other concubines in the harem.
The emperor thought she was playing tricks, thinking that this was a girl's unique agility.
But Yurao not only has aura, but also courage.
When the critical moment came, she made it clear.
She didn't throw a tantrum or say anything bad, but she spoke the truth from the bottom of her heart: She would rather marry a commoner and be the first wife and live a happy life than be a canary in this golden cage.
She said: Zhen Yurao is Zhen Yurao. I will only be myself and will never be a substitute for others.
These words were pricking to the ears, but they hit the Fourth Master's heart.
Isn't it this "clear distinction between love and hate" that is on his mind?
If someone is forced to be detained, the vitality will be gone, and the living person who looks like Chun Yuan will become a dead thing.
At the end of the struggle, Su Peisheng was there to help smooth things over. Perhaps it was the emperor's conscience that found out at that moment, or perhaps he left the last bit of dignity for this "true temperament", so he let go.
Yongzheng allowed her to leave the palace and pointed her out to Shenbeile Yunxi.
Looking back and looking at the fate of these two sisters, it is really emotional.
My sister, Zhen Huan, won all the fights with women, but lost her whole life.
She became the final winner and took the position of Queen Mother.
But her heart was already cold, and the emperor's favor did not warm her heart at all.
She was like a big peacock locked up in a golden room. Although she was gorgeous, she could never fly back to the free sky.
My younger sister, Yurao, is a Fujin by name, but she doesn't look very impressive.
But she grasped the thing that women in that era least dared to think about - freedom, and a man who could only look at her.
Yunxi didn't have the ability to give her a kingdom, but he could grant her the wish of "two people in a lifetime".
Under the protection of her husband, she did not have to worry about who poisoned her today or dug a hole tomorrow, and lived a peaceful life.
This kind of comfortable life is something Zhen Huan, who is in a high position, has been looking forward to for her whole life.
Yurao was able to win not only because she married the right husband, but also because she had a clear mind when facing the huge temptation and high pressure of imperial power.
She had really seen through the cage inlaid with gold and jade, and knew that it was a pit that could eat people but not spit out bones.
In the old days when women were treated as toys and accessories, most people could only tremble and wait for their fate to happen.
Zhen Yuandao could only endure the pain and send his daughter into the fire pit, while Zhen Huan could only walk step by step with tears in her eyes.
But Yurao dared to say "no".
The silk yarn that was spinning endlessly under the emperor's eyes was not just a boring way to pass the time, it was clearly a silent "no" to fate.
With this turn, he got rid of the emperor's pretense and hypocrisy, and instead gave himself a sunny day.
"I'm not in the cafe, I'm on the way to the cafe." For Italians who love coffee, latte is a very familiar drink. On a beautiful morning, drinking a cup of latte makes me feel very comfortable and comfortable. So, what exactly is a latte? How is it made? Let’s learn and taste it with FrontStreet Coffee!
What is a latte?
"Latte" is the transliteration of the Italian "Latte" and is a type of fancy coffee. It is also a classic combination of Italian espresso and milk. Add a specified proportion of milk to rich espresso to create a latte. With the warm fusion and flavoring of milk, the originally sweet and bitter coffee becomes smooth and sweet. Even people who are not used to drinking coffee can hardly resist the delicious taste of latte.
Initially, latte coffee originated in Vienna, the capital of music. Viennese people have been drinking coffee since the 17th century. At that time, the Turkish army failed to attack Vienna and left behind hundreds of bags of coffee beans during their panic retreat. These coffee beans became the raw materials for Vienna’s first cafe (Blue Bottle). In order to cater to European tastes, coffee shop owners filtered the coffee grounds and added a certain amount of milk, which not only made the bitter black coffee smooth and sweet, but also made Viennese people obsessed with the taste. In this way, the combination of milk and coffee became popular all over the world.
What kind of coffee beans and milk should I choose to make a latte?
As mentioned above, the raw materials used in latte coffee are very simple. They only require espresso and milk. There is no fixed ratio. You can adjust it up or down according to your own taste, but the use of raw materials is very important, because it will directly determine the quality of the latte coffee made.
Speaking from experience in extraction, FrontStreet Coffee recommends that you give priority to Italian blended beans with higher stability. Blended products usually combine flavors from different production areas, and are roasted to medium or above, which makes it easier to extract rich oils (coffee beans with high oils are more suitable for making milk coffee). In this way, the concentrated taste we make is thick and rich, and the fault tolerance rate is higher. Moreover, most Italian-style blended beans are mainly produced in stores. Compared with single-origin beans with the same type of flavor, the price is relatively low, focusing on an economical and cost-effective route. For beginners who don’t have much experience in making coffee, if they want to make a delicious latte, it is obviously more advantageous to use Italian blended beans.
For example, the Front Street store uses Front Street Sunflower Warm Sun Blend coffee beans, which are made from Front Street Ethiopian sun-dried red cherries and Front Street Honduran sherry barrels. The roasting curve makes it mainly used for Italian extraction, and the iced latte will have the flavors of wine, vanilla, cream, and chocolate at the same time. Some friends reported to Xiangjie that the espresso they brewed had a lot of rough foam, which was caused by the coffee beans being too fresh. This kind of espresso often tastes average. Judging from the experience of Qianjie, if the espresso coffee beans you get are too close to the roasting date, it is best to place them in a cool place for 7 to 10 days and drink them within 45 days for the best flavor.
How to make an authentic and delicious latte?
The coffee machine used in the Qianjie store has a powder bowl with double concentration capacity, and the amount of powder is about 18-20 grams. When Qianjie produces latte, 20 grams of coffee powder is used, and a powder-to-liquid extraction ratio of 1:2 is used, that is, 20 grams of coffee powder extracts 40 grams of coffee liquid. The time is related to the flow rate of the coffee powder. Generally, the duration of a single extraction is controlled between 20 and 35 seconds, because within 20 seconds, the coffee tastes easy to be thin, and if it exceeds 35 seconds, it is easy to over-extract and produce a burnt and bitter taste. The concentration of the front street is mostly in the range of 28 to 30 seconds.
Before extraction, Qianjie will prepare these in advance: ceramic coffee cups, milk jugs, and fresh milk. First, dry the powder bowl and align it with the powder connection port of the grinder, turn on the switch, grind out a double amount of coffee powder, place it on the electronic scale and increase or decrease until the weight reaches 20 grams. Then use a powder spreader to spread the coffee powder, and press the powder press vertically downward to fill the coffee powder cake tightly to ensure more stable coffee extraction.
Then turn on the extraction switch of the coffee machine and release water for 1 to 2 seconds. The purpose is to moisten the brewing head and take away the coffee grounds stuck on it. Place an electronic scale under the cup that receives the concentration, return the weight to 0, and place it under the brewing head during extraction. Gently snap the handle onto the brewing head and start turning down the extraction switch. Observe the changes in the extraction liquid. When the electronic scale shows that 40 grams of coffee liquid has been extracted, it takes about 30 seconds. Pull down the extraction switch and pour the Espresso into the ceramic coffee cup prepared in advance.
To whip milk, you mainly rely on the steam wand of the coffee machine to pour the appropriate amount of milk into the milk vat. For example, the latte cup of FrontStreet Coffee is 300 ml, and you can pour 240 ml of milk, because the milk expands due to the gas after being whipped. Before starting to froth the milk, turn on the steam switch slightly and spray steam to drain the excess water from the steam wand. Then submerge the steam head of the steam wand into the milk liquid and turn on the switch.
There are two stages of frothing milk. The first stage requires the steam hole to be in contact with the milk liquid surface. This stage is to froth the milk. At this time, a sharp sound will be made like tearing paper, and this stage determines the thickness of the milk froth. The second stage is whipping. When enough milk has been frothed, the milk vat is lifted up and the steam holes are submerged into the milk, allowing the milk to rotate and whip under the action of steam. This stage determines the quality of the milk froth. The thickness of the milk foam for latte coffee is moderate, about 1 cm. The surface of the whipped milk is shiny, bubble-free, and has a certain fluidity.
Finally, fuse the whipped milk and the extracted espresso for latte art. The fusion is done before latte art. The distance between the mouth of the milk vat and the cup is slightly higher, which has impact. Gently fuse the milk and coffee until it is 70% full. Then the latte art vat is lowered. The mouth of the vat is close to the coffee liquid level, so the impact force is reduced and the milk is foamed. Because of the buoyancy, white milk foam will begin to appear on the liquid surface. At this time, you can make embossing movements by swinging your arms. Because the milk foam is moderate and has a certain fluidity, it will show a constantly swinging line. Finally, pull it up and push forward to finish to create a basic heart-shaped latte art pattern.
So, how to make an iced latte?
Compared with hot latte, making iced latte is relatively simple. The method is the same as that of iced Americano, except that the water in the Americano is replaced with milk. Therefore, the steps to make iced latte are to pre-cool the cup with ice cubes, pour 100g of ice cubes, 180g of milk, and finally pour in espresso. Of course, don’t forget to stir evenly when drinking.
Most tutorials on making iced latte on the Internet do not give an absolute ratio, but fall within a rough range, coffee: milk = 1:4 to 1:8. This is because the coffee beans used by everyone are different, the extraction parameters are different, and the milk may be different. Even if the same proportion is used, the taste of the iced latte will still be different. As a reference, when using dark-roasted Italian beans with mainly dark chocolate and nut tones, we can add a large proportion of milk to maintain a balanced taste. For example, 1:6 is used for the daily products produced by Qianjie. When the coffee beans are of the lightly roasted floral fruit acid type, the flavor of the concentrate itself is not that strong, and too much milk will only cover up the aroma of the coffee. At this time, the proportion of milk can be appropriately reduced, for example, within the range of 1:4 to 1:5.
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