The header of the self-study diploma will be marked "Self-study Examination Graduation Certificate for Adult Higher Education" instead of the general higher education diploma. There will be the seal of the school principal who issued the certificate and the official seal of the school.
Self-study examinations require a graduation certificate. The self-study examination diploma must be collected from the local self-study examination office (self-study examination office). Candidates need to provide the staff with a printed admission ticket and original ID card, inform the self-study major and level, and follow the procedures to receive the self-study diploma.
Reporting from Shanghai by reporter Hu Jinhua of our newspaper (chinatimes.net.cn)
A-shares have recently received frequent favorable policies, but under the market conditions where the index is suppressed as soon as it rises, domestic quantitative private equity institutions that have become an important trading force have been pushed to the forefront. Whether they are bad elements who "help the stock market rise and kill the fall" in the stock market, or are "good students" who increase the activity of stock market transactions, the market cannot agree. However, in the eyes of regulators, it is necessary to re-examine domestic programmed transactions.
On the evening of September 1, the China Securities Regulatory Commission guided the three major stock exchanges in Shanghai and Shenzhen to issue the "Notice on Matters Concerning the Reporting of Programmed Stock Trading" and the "Notice on Matters Concerning Strengthening the Management of Programmed Trading". In these two notices, the three major exchanges clearly stated that they will implement real-time monitoring of the securities trading behavior of program trading investors, and focus on monitoring four types of matters: First, abnormal trading behaviors that may affect securities trading prices, securities trading volume, or exchange system security as stipulated in business rules; The second is a transaction with a maximum filing rate of more than 300 orders per second, or a maximum number of orders in a single day of more than 20,000. Third, the trading prices or trading volumes of multiple securities are obviously abnormal, during which a large number of programmed transactions are involved. Fourth, other matters that the exchange considers need to be monitored.
After the above two notices were issued, many well-known quantitative private equity institutions in the market spoke out, pointing out that their proportion of ultra-high-frequency trading was small and controllable, and the notices would have little impact on the company's trading level.
"In the past week, quantitative investment and private equity quantitative institutions have suddenly become the focus of market attention. The reason is that the A-share market has adjusted sharply after jumping from the high opening on Monday, coupled with the recent purchase of a luxury house by a private equity boss. After the fermentation of the Internet media, many investors believe that the stock market decline is 'cutting leeks' by quantitative institutions. The introduction of the above notice is the first time that my country has formally established a programmed transaction reporting system and corresponding regulatory arrangements in the stock market, clearly stipulating that stock exchanges include possible impacts. Strengthen monitoring and control of key matters such as abnormal trading behavior that affects securities trading prices, securities trading volume, or exchange system security. The purpose is to incorporate programming into the legal supervision system, crack down on illegal transactions using programmed trading, and maintain a healthy market environment. At the same time, the latest requirements will also promote the development of standardized trading and help the quantitative investment industry move forward steadily." Xu Jiaying, general manager of Shanghai Qianfulai Asset Management Company, said in an interview with China Times.
However, some people in the industry are worried that once high-frequency programmatic trading withdraws from the market, the activity of A-shares may be even lower.
Quantitative private equity players have spoken out
In recent years, the scale of quantitative private equity institutions has expanded rapidly. A number of tens of billions or even hundreds of billions of quantitative private equity giants have emerged in Beijing, Shanghai, and Shenzhen. These institutions have also lived up to customer expectations. When A-shares did not have large-level market prices and the index only fluctuated within a narrow range, they created considerable returns for customers. Although some quantitative products have poor returns, they far outperformed the net worth financial management of last year and the year before. However, quantitative private equity's focus on high-frequency trading and fast-in and fast-out style has also attracted the attention of more investors and fundamentalists.
On September 4, He Bin (pseudonym), a tens-billion-level quantitative private equity investor in Shanghai, analyzed during an interview that exchanges have been closely monitoring abnormal quantitative trading behaviors. Therefore, this time the focus of attention is on transactions with a maximum filing rate of more than 300 transactions per second, or a maximum daily filing rate of more than 20,000 transactions. Assume that the average order cancellation rate of a quantitative product is 6%, the minimum transaction amount is 10,000 yuan, and there are 20,000 transactions in a single day, the transaction volume is approximately 200 million yuan. If the turnover rate is 20% bilaterally per day, only products with a scale of about 1 billion yuan will be monitored intensively. Therefore, quantitative products with extremely high turnover rates or large scale may be focused on and additionally report multiple aspects of information.
According to statistics from a reporter from China Times, after the notice was issued, a number of quantitative institutions, including Qianxiang Assets, Niankong Technology, Siyuan Quantification, Century Frontier, Wenbo Investment, etc., expressed their attitudes.
Qianxiang Asset stated that the company’s alpha strategy includes three types: high frequency, medium frequency and low frequency, and the strategy is relatively balanced. At present, the proportion of stocks exchanged by the company every day is about 20%, which does not belong to ultra-high-frequency trading. The total daily declaration volume of products with a scale of less than 500 million yuan in the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets is less than 20,000 times. Therefore, the relevant measures introduced this time will not have much impact on the practicality of the company's current strategy. Relevant measures are expected to have a greater impact on strategies such as high-frequency bottom positions T0 and high-frequency securities lending T0.
"At present, the latest regulatory requirements have little impact on the operation of the company's strategy itself. Moreover, there is about a month's interval between the release of the "Reporting Notice" and "Management Notice" from the release to the official implementation. Each company has sufficient time to make adjustments and adaptations at the transaction execution level." Jukuan Investment said.
After the issuance of the above two notices, Siyuan Quantitative Investment Director Wang Xiong said that the China Securities Regulatory Commission guided major stock exchanges to introduce a series of measures to strengthen the supervision of programmed trading, which means that programmed trading will be included in a reasonable and legal regulatory system, which will help to further improve market transparency, crack down on illegal and illegal transactions using programmed trading, and maintain a healthy market order and ecology. At the same time, the latest requirements will also promote the standardized development of programmatic trading and help the quantitative investment industry move forward steadily.
Qianfulai Asset Management stated that the company’s quantitative transactions of convertible bonds did not reach this level in terms of declaration speed and quantity. And before the release of these two documents, most of the quantitative interfaces that I came into contact with also set limits on the frequency of declarations and the number of declarations. As an asset management company that interfaces with them, the company's system is actually designed according to the descriptions in the documents from beginning to end, so the new regulations basically have no impact on the company's trading behavior.
"For a mature and orderly capital market, standardized program transactions are indispensable. Therefore, the inclusion of program transactions in the regulatory system is of great significance for improving the resilience and vitality of the capital market. At the same time, regular reporting helps regulators understand the market situation more clearly, thereby improving the foresight and effectiveness of the entire market risk response, which will benefit the development of quantitative investment in the long run." Wang Xiao, chairman of Niankong Technology, pointed out.
On September 5, relevant people from Century Frontier told a reporter from China Times that since September 2021, regulators and multiple quantitative institutions have had many active communications, and established an information registration and reporting mechanism. In the process, they gradually understood the essence of quantitative trading, and finally settled into the content of this release.
"Judging from the results, the supervision recognizes programmatic trading as an important trading method, and also recognizes the positive significance of programmatic trading in improving transaction efficiency and enhancing market liquidity. We are still waiting for the further release of specific details. Based on the information we have seen so far, the standards of 300 declarations per second and 20,000 declarations per day are loose enough, and only require more information for exceeding the situation. We judge that it will not have a negative impact on the product." The person said frankly.
"Wenbo Investment calculates based on existing algorithmic trading that there are basically no strategies for trading more than 300 transactions per second. Calculated based on an average transaction amount of 10,000 yuan and a transaction rate of 70%, 20,000 subscriptions, an annualized change of hands 50 times, and a single product with an upper limit of 700 million yuan or more will receive special attention; such as If the company changes hands 200 times, special attention will be paid to those with a single product scale of more than 500 million yuan. Based on the overall assessment, it will not have a negative impact on the current strategy. The standardized development of the industry will be beneficial to the healthy development of the entire quantitative industry," the relevant person in charge of Wenbo Investment told this reporter.
What is the future of quantitative trading?
Currently, how much of the daily trading volume of A-shares is quantitative trading has always attracted market attention.
The Private Equity Filing Monthly Report of the Asset Management Association shows that as of the end of 2022, the scale of private securities investment funds will be approximately 5.6 trillion yuan. Calculated based on a 15% ratio, the scale of quantitative/hedge strategy funds at the end of 2022 may be between 800 billion and 900 billion yuan.
According to research and communication data released by Shenwan Hongyuan Securities, the average daily turnover rate of large-scale quantitative private equity is between 10% and 20%. Based on an estimated daily average turnover rate of 15% (the turnover rate of small and medium-sized quantitative private equity is generally higher), the daily trading amount contributed by quantitative private equity can reach more than 120 billion yuan, accounting for 13% of the average daily trading amount of A-shares in 2022.
“Compared with U.S. stocks, the current absolute scale and relative transaction proportion of A-share quantitative private placements are low, but it is already a part that cannot be ignored in the transaction structure of the A-share market. However, the notice issued by the regulatory authorities predicts that three types of products may be affected: The first is private equity high-frequency self-operated trading; the second is a time-selected hedging strategy product, that is, a product that uses A-shares to open lower in the morning to do T-quantity if the position is not satisfied overnight; the third is a product that combines large-scale holding reduction and uses securities lending," Xu Jiaying told a reporter from China Times.
Xu Jiaying believes that China's quantitative trading is dominated by medium and low frequency. At present, the average turnover rate of my country's leading quantitative institutions is far from reaching the standards of high-frequency trading, and high-frequency quantification often has relatively small strategic capacity, which will not have a great impact on the overall stock market trading volume and liquidity.
It is worth noting that the management recently proposed to continue to increase and promote the issuance of ETF funds to introduce more long-term funds into the market. Quantitative private equity institutions seem to be acting in unison to prepare to be long in the market.
"Comparing domestic and overseas markets, the situation where funds make money but investors do not is often due to investors being accustomed to procyclical operations. Especially during periods when market performance is unsatisfactory and the index is at a relatively low point, many investors lack confidence. As far as the current A-share market is concerned, market valuations have basically met the requirements. The absolute bottom characteristics are not significantly different from the historical bottoms of previous rounds of A-shares. It should be an excellent time to go long on the index and configure a quantitative index increase strategy, especially a fundamental index increase strategy.” On September 5, Xu Zhongxiang, founder of Ruilian Jingchun, a well-known foreign quantitative private equity firm, expressed his opinion.
Wang Li, general manager of Niankong Investment, said that at this stage, the A-share policy bottom has appeared, and the market bottom has yet to be verified. But overall, when the policy is basically established, it should be a better time to deploy quantitative index products. In addition, quantitative index growth products are always fully operated, and the inflow of related incremental funds will make a positive contribution to the overall funding of the A-share market.
The relevant person in charge of Mengxi Investment pointed out that the current A-share market is at a low level for many years, and the downside risk is much smaller than when the market was at a high level. Therefore, the "potential beta upside" of the quantitative index growth strategy is larger. From an asset allocation perspective, now is a good time to invest in quantitative index growth strategies. In addition, quantitative strategies such as quantitative index growth strategies have the characteristics of high positions and will have a significant positive effect on stabilizing and assisting market capital.
"The sound development path of quantitative trading involves multiple key factors. The first is transparency and supervision. It is very important to improve the transparency of quantitative trading and ensure that regulatory agencies have sufficient supervisory powers. Regulators need to understand quantitative trading strategies, algorithms and trading processes to monitor market manipulation, malicious trading and systemic risks. Regulators should also constantly update regulations to adapt to the rapid development of quantitative trading technology; secondly, risk management, quantitative trading companies should develop strict risk management Risk management policies, including limiting trading leverage, setting risk exposure limits and implementing risk control processes, can help prevent potential huge losses and market shocks; finally, there is market liquidity. Quantitative trading usually provides market liquidity, but it may also withdraw from the market in extreme circumstances. In order to ensure the stability of the market, quantitative traders need to cooperate with market regulators and other traders to ensure that sufficient liquidity is provided when the market fluctuates violently." Xu Jiaying told this reporter.
A summary of the list of very professional Cambridge English KET/PET training institutions in Shenzhen. Global Education KET/PET classes adopt a small class system. Teachers pay more attention to students and students are more focused. They use games and other methods to teach fun. The classroom is highly interactive and students absorb knowledge points quickly. One-on-one tutoring is also available after class to cultivate children's English learning from the source...
Listening preparation for the KET exam can be described as a "battle" with your ears. As an examinee who has struggled through this battle, I deeply understand the importance of listening. Not only to pass the exam, but also to be able to thrive in future studies. This article will share my thoughts and experiences accumulated during the exam preparation process from multiple perspectives, hoping to help you who are preparing for the exam. Remember, listening is not something that happens overnight, but is a process that requires continuous effort and persistence. Let’s recharge our ears together and face KET!
1. Understand the structure of the listening test
In the process of preparing for the KET exam, you must first understand the structure of the listening test. This is like reading the guide before playing a game, otherwise you will only be defeated by the boss when you enter the level. I remember the first time I heard the KET listening audio, it felt like I was listening to an alien language and I couldn’t understand it at all! However, as I learned more about the exam structure, I gradually found the trick.
The listening section of KET is usually divided into four parts, each with different types of questions. This made me realize that familiarizing myself with these question types in advance would not only save time but also improve my confidence. Just like a traveler looking at a map beforehand so that he can reach his destination smoothly.
In addition, the content of the listening test is closely related to daily life, such as shopping, asking for directions, chatting with friends, etc. Therefore, being familiar with these scenarios will also make me more comfortable in the real exam. Believe me, understanding every audio of the exam will really make you feel like "I am listening"!
2. Develop listening habits
If you want to stand out in the KET listening test, developing good listening habits is essential. I remember that in order to increase my listening input, I would wake up my ears with a cup of hot coffee every morning and listen to the English radio while drinking. Although I couldn't hear many words clearly at first, I never gave up, just like the classic Internet saying: "Don't be afraid of difficulties, keep moving forward!"
I also listen to English songs while commuting and sometimes even sing along. Although my pitch was hilarious, it definitely improved my listening skills. Moreover, it feels pretty cool to be able to sing "Shape of You" in English, haha!
I found that I can use some online platforms and apps, such as BBC Learning English and the English channel on YouTube, to improve my listening sensitivity. These resources are diverse, interesting and practical, and are simply a "treasure" for listening practice!
3. Good note-taking skills
Taking notes is my "secret weapon" during the listening test. When I took mock exams before, I often lost points because I didn’t remember key information. So, I decided to develop a “tactical plan” for my listening notes. I started using different colored pens to mark different types of information, and wow, I felt like an artist!
For example, red represents important information, green represents places, and blue represents people. Every time I finish listening to a passage, I review it again to make my thinking clearer, as if a bridge has been built between my ears and my brain. After a period of practice, I found that this method not only made my memory stronger, but also reduced the panic when answering questions.
However, you also need to pay attention to your speed when taking notes. I used to be so focused on writing when listening that I didn’t even hear the last sentence. It was a tragedy. So it's important to find the right balance, just like driving a car, don't just stare at the dashboard, pay attention to the road as well.
4. Simulate the real exam environment
In order to perform well in the KET listening test, I chose to simulate the real test environment at home. I put my headphones on and closed the window to make sure there were no distractions. I remember that during the first simulation, my cat actually broke in and purred loudly, which was like the rhythm of "The King Next Door"!
However, this simulation training really greatly enhanced my ability to adapt to situations. Through repeated practice, I gradually adapted to the rhythm and tension of the exam, and I felt like I was participating in an "ear marathon."
At the same time, I will also choose some more difficult listening materials to challenge myself. Even if I don’t understand, it doesn’t matter. This can exercise my endurance. Just like playing a game and grinding dungeons, the higher the difficulty, the more experience points you get!
5. Ask teachers or classmates for advice
In the process of preparing for the exam, I realized that asking others for advice is also a very critical step. My English teacher was my "savior". Her guidance on listening made me enlightened. I remember one time, she explained to us how to capture key words and guess the meaning. At that moment, I seemed to see the "bright road of hearing".
Practicing with my classmates has become my norm. We will play listening recordings to each other, then answer questions individually, and finally discuss the answers together. Not only did this interaction make me have fun, it also strengthened our friendship. Just like a popular saying on the Internet: "The more friends you have, the easier your journey will be!"
In addition, I also joined some online learning groups to share experiences and encourage each other with friends from different places. During this process, I discovered that everyone has similar hearing problems. We are all working towards the same goal, and we are really "in the same boat"!
6. Maintain a positive attitude
What I want to say is that maintaining a positive attitude is the most important point in preparing for the KET listening test. In the process of preparing for the exam, I will inevitably encounter setbacks, such as low scores in the mock exam. However, I always tell myself: "Don't be afraid of being slow, just be afraid of standing!"
I will always remind myself that improving listening skills is a gradual process and cannot be achieved overnight. Therefore, I have learned to appreciate myself for every improvement, even if it is just a little bit. It’s a miracle that a “novice in listening” like me can actually understand a complete conversation after hard work!
Sometimes, I would say silently in my heart: "I can definitely do it!" This kind of positive self-suggestion made me feel more motivated on the way to prepare for the exam, as if I had added a buff to myself invisibly!
Although KET exam listening preparation is full of challenges, with reasonable methods and a positive attitude, I believe everyone can make progress on this road. In the future, with the development of technology, various online learning resources will become more and more abundant, and listening improvement will become more convenient. Therefore, I suggest that you make good use of these tools and persist in working hard. You will be able to overcome obstacles in the exam and create your own brilliant results!
Newcomers are given free entry, practical training, certification and promotion materials
Some analysts pointed out that Nvidia rarely misses at the financial reporting level, but the current market environment requires the company to answer questions that obviously go beyond how many chips it sells.
Hardika Singh, economic strategist at Fundstrat, said Nvidia almost never misses on revenue, net profit and guidance. However, where the computing power giant "loses points" is that it fails to alleviate investors' concerns that its moat is narrowing, and it does not clearly clarify what kind of response strategy the company will adopt as the computing power landscape continues to evolve and the wave of AI changes that may disrupt various businesses ranging from network security to food delivery to banking.
(Nvidia’s sideways trading has lasted for nearly half a year, source: TradingView)
Michael Burry, the "big short" who continues to bet on technology stocks, also jumped out to "make up for it" and said that Nvidia mentioned in its latest 10-K form that the company's irrevocable purchase commitments reached US$95.2 billion, compared with US$16.1 billion in the same period last year, because TSMC required longer-term contracts and received cash in advance. That number, set to swell further, could pose a risk if demand falters.
Under the influence of Nvidia, other chip companies also fell, with Broadcom falling 3.19% and AMD falling 3.41%.
The stock prices of related companies that had previously benefited from the wave of AI infrastructure construction also fell. ASML, Lam Group and Applied Materials all fell more than 4%, while server supplier Super Micro Computer fell 3.9%. Storage vendors Western Digital and Seagate Technology also fell nearly 3% each.
In contrast, the "AI impact" sectors such as software continued to rise on Thursday after several weeks of continuous decline. Stocks such as Salesforce, IBM, and Visa supported the Dow's slight gain.
Popular stock performance
Ranked by market value, Nvidia fell 5.46%, Apple fell 0.47%, Google-A fell 1.76%, Microsoft rose 0.28%, Amazon fell 1.29%, TSMC fell 2.82%, Meta rose 0.51%, Broadcom fell 3.19%, Tesla fell 2.11%, and Berkshire Hathaway-A rose 1.52%.
Under the dual pressure of the U.S. stock market and the Hang Seng Technology Index, the Nasdaq China Golden Dragon Index closed down 1.78%.
As of the close, Alibaba fell 2.78%, Pinduoduo fell 1.41%, NetEase fell 0.16%, JD.com fell 2.03%, Baidu fell 5.65%, Ctrip fell 2.59%, Li Auto fell 2.98%, Futu Holdings rose 1.05%, Bilibili fell 3.2%, and Weilai fell 1.73%.
Other news
[Google Nano Banana 2 unveiled]
In the early hours of Friday morning Beijing time, the American technology company Google announced the launch of a new generation of image generation model Nano Banana 2 (Gemini 3.1 Flash image model). The company claims that Nano Banana 2 can combine the image generation quality, reasoning capabilities and advanced world knowledge of Nano Banana Pro with the "lightning generation speed" of Flash models.
[Major US technology companies laid off nearly half of their employees due to AI]
As of press time, the U.S. financial technology company Block has soared by more than 20% after hours. Company CEO Jack Dorsey sent a letter to employees on Thursday saying that based on the judgment that AI will change labor productivity, the company has decided to reduce the current total number of employees from more than 10,000 to less than 6,000.
"Smart tools are changing the way companies are built and run, and we're already seeing it internally," Dorsey wrote in the letter. "A significantly smaller team can do more and do it better with the tools we're building."
[MP Materials invests in building the largest rare earth magnet production base in the United States]
MP Materials, the largest rare earth miner in the United States, announced on Thursday that it will build a large-scale rare earth magnet manufacturing park in Northlake, Texas, with a total investment of more than US$1.25 billion. The company estimates that when fully operational, the new factory will bring its total annual production capacity of rare earth magnets to approximately 10,000 tons.
[Netflix withdraws from Warner Bros. acquisition]
Warner Bros. Discovery announced after the market closed on Thursday that its board of directors believed that Paramount Skydance's latest acquisition offer was better than Netflix's. The latter will have four working days to revise its bid or give up the competition and leave with a $2.8 billion termination fee funded by Paramount.
Netflix quickly issued a statement saying that without having to match Paramount's latest offer, the deal was no longer financially attractive and decided not to match the bid. Affected by this news, Netflix rose nearly 10% after the market.
[Meta’s self-developed chip reportedly encounters obstacles]
According to new reports, Meta last week abandoned the most advanced chip it was developing for training AI models due to design difficulties and turned its attention to a less complex version. The company informed employees in its AI infrastructure division of the updated plans last week. This is also the background story behind Meta’s recent large-scale chip contracts with NVIDIA and AMD.
In response, a Meta spokesperson said: "We remain committed to investing in a diversified chip product portfolio to meet our needs, including advancing our MTIA product line; we will disclose more related progress later this year."
[Dell expects AI server revenue to be approximately US$50 billion this fiscal year]
After the market closed on Thursday, AI server maker Dell Technologies rose more than 10% after releasing its earnings report. For the current fiscal year ending in January 2027, it expects AI server revenue to be approximately $50 billion, a 103% year-over-year increase, the company said in a statement on Thursday.
Dell said in a statement that adjusted earnings per share for this fiscal year will be about $12.90 on sales of about $140 billion. Analysts on average expected earnings of $11.56 per share and revenue of $126.3 billion.
[Cook confirmed that Apple will start releasing new products next Monday]
Apple CEO Cook posted on Thursday: "A big week is coming. It all starts on Monday morning!"
This statement is also consistent with previous reports that Apple will release new products for three consecutive days starting next Monday. According to previous reports, after releasing a series of new products through its official website, Apple will hold offline media experience events in three places including Shanghai next Wednesday.
(Shi Zhengcheng of Financial Associated Press)
Self-study academic qualifications are recognized by the country and society, and are useful. A self-study degree can also be very useful in finding a job, getting promoted and getting a salary increase, taking civil service exams, taking qualification certificates, continuing postgraduate studies, studying abroad, settling points, improving self-confidence, taking qualification certificates, etc. So what do the samples of self-study undergraduate certificates over the years look like?
Click to enter: If you have questions about self-study exams, don’t know how to choose the college and major for taking exams, or don’t know the local policies for self-study exams, click to learn now》》
Graduation certificates for self-study examinations are produced uniformly by the National Examination Committee and are electronically registered on the Ministry of Education Examination Center network. Samples of self-study undergraduate certificates over the years have the seals of the Provincial Self-Study Committee and the examiner’s institution.
Self-taught academic qualifications
1. Find a job
In the workplace, work is indispensable. No matter which position you are in, you are eager to get a better job and seek better development. Nowadays, most companies have strict requirements on academic qualifications when recruiting, especially those large companies with good salary and benefits.
2. Salary grading
At present, our country's state agencies and institutions basically set wages based on academic qualifications, and bachelor's degree wages are one level higher than junior college wages.
3. Personnel reform
The basic requirement for promoting cadres and running for leadership in many units (especially state agencies and public institutions) is a bachelor's degree or above. Even if you are fully qualified, you are not qualified to run.
4. Take the civil service examination
Civil service jobs are stable, with higher remuneration, less pressure, and power. Many people now want to be civil servants. The Ministry of Personnel stipulates that civil servant positions require passing the civil service examination. Most civil service positions now require a bachelor's degree or above to be eligible to apply. Usually only grassroots and difficult jobs are reserved for junior college graduates.
5. Research
Many national vocational qualification certificates require a bachelor's degree or above. For example, the current requirements for registration for the judicial examinations for notaries, law, judges, and prosecutors must be a bachelor's degree or above.
Self-taught undergraduate diploma
1. Better than a “double major” or “double degree” diploma
Many graduates write "undergraduate degree" instead of "possessing a self-taught second degree" on their employment recommendation forms. In this way, employers are still very interested in undergraduates who can obtain a self-taught second degree diploma, because not all people can persist to the end. Moreover, relevant national laws also stipulate: “Graduates with a self-taught second degree can enjoy postgraduate treatment when they join the workforce after graduation.”
2. Win by choosing a career rationally
Self-examination is a process and an experience. Only those who have experienced it personally and are good at independent learning are the winners of the self-examination and the winners in the workplace. Because they know how to seize opportunities, how to screen opportunities, and how to create opportunities.
3. It can be seen that you have perseverance, perseverance and self-learning ability
Self-study students have less systematic knowledge than those who enroll through unified enrollment. However, the self-study examination is not necessarily easier than the unified entrance examination, on the contrary, it will be more rigorous.
Most self-study students study while working. They can combine their work and choose their majors with complete freedom, because they understand what they lack, and their social adaptability and practical experience far exceed those of unified enrollment.
Nowadays, many employers also particularly favor self-taught candidates because they can see self-discipline, diligence, never giving up and the unremitting spirit of pursuit. These spiritual qualities are exactly what many units need to focus on cultivating talents.
The above is the relevant content about the adult self-study examination. Candidates who want to get more information about the self-study examination, such as the adult self-study registration time, examination time, application conditions, preparation knowledge, relevant news, etc., please pay attention to the Education Online Self-study Examination Channel.
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Xinshi District Educational Science Edition Primary School Science Volume 2 Review Questions for Grade 5 1. Fill in the blanks: 1. When you press down the foam on the water surface with your hands, you will feel an upward force. This force is buoyancy. The sinking and floating of an object in water is related to the amount of water it displaces. Submarines achieve ups and downs by changing their weight by adding or subtracting water while keeping their volume constant. 2. The working principle of the thermometer is to utilize the thermal expansion and contraction properties of liquids. 3. When installing wires in summer, the wires between the two poles should not be pulled too tightly, otherwise in winter the wires will shrink due to cold and the wires will be easily broken. 4. When heat is transferred, it starts from the heat source and transfers from the hot end to the cold end. The further away from the heat source, the longer it takes for heat to transfer. Generally speaking, metals have stronger heat transfer capabilities than non-metals. 5. After the ancient Greek astronomer Ptolemy proposed the "geocentric theory", the Polish astronomer Copernicus proposed the "heliocentric theory" in his book "On the Revolutions of the Celestial Bodies". 6. The volume of water displaced by an object in water is called the amount of water displaced. 7. An instrument that compares the volume of a liquid is called a hydrometer. 8. The volume of water expands when heated and contracts when cooled. We call this change in the volume of water thermal expansion and contraction. 9. Heat is always transferred from the hotter end to the cooler end. Transferring heat from one object to another through direct contact is called heat conduction. 10. The gravity of a sinking object measured in air is 7. 5N, the gravity measured in liquid is 5N, and the buoyancy force it experiences is 2. 5N_. 11. A buoyant object's own gravity is 2N. If a force of 6N is used to press it into the water, the buoyant force it experiences will be 4N. 12. Write down the names of famous scientists in the process of people understanding the history of the earth. (At least three) Ptolemy, Bruno, Copernicus. 13. As time changes, the length and direction of the shadow of an object in the sun will slowly change. 14. Through my repeated experiments, I found that the number of times the pendulum swings back and forth per minute is related to the length of the pendulum, and has nothing to do with the amplitude or weight of the pendulum. 15. Objects with good thermal conductivity like metal are called good conductors of heat, while objects with poor thermal conductivity like plastic and wood are called poor conductors of heat. 16. Objects made of different materials, if they have the same volume, heavy objects will sink easily; if they have the same weight, small objects will sink easily. 17. The sundial uses light and shadow to keep time, the water clock uses the isochronous principle of dripping water to keep time, and the emergence of the pendulum clock improves the accuracy of timekeeping. 18. There are three ways of heat transfer: thermal conduction, convection, and thermal radiation. 19. The standard time currently adopted in our country is Beijing time. 20. The alternation of day and night is caused by the rotation of the earth, and the change of seasons is caused by the revolution of the earth. 21. The direction of the earth's rotation is from west to east, and the direction of the earth's revolution is from west to east. 22. Generally, the volume of an object expands when it is heated, and shrinks when it is cooled. We call this change of an object thermal expansion and contraction. 23. When the Earth rotates, its axis is always tilted toward the North Star. This is the secret of Polaris’ “immovable” state. 24. A stone is hung on a spring dynamometer. When weighed in the air, the spring dynamometer reads 4.7 N. When it is weighed completely immersed in water, the spring dynamometer reads 2.7 N. The buoyant force of the water on the stone is __2 N__. 25. The longitude passing through the Greenwich Observatory is designated as the 0 degree longitude. 2. True or False Questions: 1. The medicine ball sinking at the bottom of the swimming pool does not experience the buoyancy of the water. (×)
The reporter learned from the National Astronomical Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences on the 25th that scientific research teams from the National Astronomical Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences and other units have successfully developed an artificial intelligence model called SpecCLIP. This model is like a translator who is proficient in multiple "stellar languages" and uniformly interprets stellar spectral data from different telescopes, providing a new technical tool for astronomical research. Relevant research results were published in The Astrophysical Journal.
Stellar spectra are often compared to scientists studying the universe's "fingerprints." Each star's spectrum hides its identity—its temperature, chemical composition, and surface gravity. By analyzing these "chemical signatures", astronomers can trace the evolution of the Milky Way from its birth to the present, just like archaeologists reconstructing history.
However, real-life research faces a big problem: different sky survey projects, such as China's Guo Shoujing Telescope (LAMOST) and Europe's Gaia satellite, obtain spectral data in different ways, resolutions and band ranges. These data are like stories told in different dialects and are difficult to put together directly for large-scale analysis.
The SpecCLIP model was born precisely to break this data barrier. The research team innovatively introduced ideas similar to the "big language model" into the field of astronomy, using the "contrastive learning" method to allow AI to automatically learn and establish internal connections between spectral data from different sources.
SpecCLIP can not only predict the atmospheric parameters and element content of stars at once, but also conduct spectral similarity searches and even help discover special celestial objects. Based on its powerful data unified representation capabilities, SpecCLIP has played a role in many cutting-edge scientific explorations. For example, in the "Earth 2.0 (ET)" mission to search for the second Earth, it can accurately characterize the characteristics of the planet's host star, thereby improving the screening efficiency of potentially habitable planets.
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