- Trade in goods - Question 1: Article 2(1) of the "Notice of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Further Facilitating Foreign Exchange Fund Settlement to Support the Stable Development of Foreign Trade" (hereinafter referred to as the "Notice") mentions "net settlement of general trade balances between domestic and foreign affiliated enterprises"
Fu Derui, senior vice president of maritime logistics for Greater China of global freight forwarding giant Kuehne Nagel, told China Business News that in the face of the recurring situation in the Middle East, passage in the Strait of Hormuz is still strictly controlled. Only approved ships can pass according to the approval process, and the overall shipping capacity has dropped significantly compared with before the conflict. Affected by this, many shipping companies have adjusted their operating strategies, including changing routes, shortening voyages, or completing cargo transshipment at regional alternative hubs, and suspending entry into the core area of the Gulf.
"Yesterday (8th) it was confirmed that the lockers can be removed, but today they were told that it was blocked. I don't know if the shipping company can still leave."
On the morning of April 9, foreign trader Ding Yandong told China Business News that after the United States and Iran reached a two-week "two-way ceasefire" the day before, freight forwarders to the Middle East had begun to slowly recover. It was confirmed on the 8th that container ships for the recent shipments could depart. Unexpectedly, on the morning of the 9th, news came that the Strait of Hormuz was closed again, which made him fall into anxious waiting again.
For Ding Yandong, business in the Middle East accounts for about 40% of the company's foreign trade, making it an absolute export powerhouse. Since the situation in the Middle East escalated at the end of February, logistics has been blocked, orders have been suspended, raw material prices have increased significantly, and the RMB has continued to appreciate... there are many things that worry him. These are also the common worries of current foreign traders.
Waiting and watching or bypassing are still the mainstream
Ding Yandong's anxiety is not an isolated case. From freight forwarders to shipping giants, the entire chain is cautiously preparing for the worst.
In fact, even if the United States and Iran announced a temporary "ceasefire" on the 8th, the Strait of Hormuz has not yet reopened, and most shipping companies still choose to wait and see or bypass it.
"The current Middle East routes maintain limited operations and have not yet returned to normal levels." Federico Falcone, senior vice president of maritime logistics for the Greater China region of global freight forwarding giant Kuehne Nagel, told China Business News on April 9 that in the face of the recurring situation in the Middle East, passage in the Strait of Hormuz is still strictly controlled. Only approved ships can pass according to the approval process, and the overall transportation capacity has dropped significantly compared with before the conflict. Affected by this, many shipping companies have adjusted their operating strategies, including changing routes, shortening voyages, or completing cargo transshipment at regional alternative hubs, and suspending entry into the core area of the Gulf.
In terms of cargo transportation, some categories can still be shipped to the Middle East normally under strict supervision, while for other cargo, measures such as rerouting transportation, delaying delivery, or re-planning logistics plans are adopted based on the policies of each shipping company, cargo characteristics, and risk assessment results. In order to ensure the continuous and orderly entry of goods into the region, the industry has established a number of alternative transportation channels and land bridge solutions, such as via Oman, Dubai, Turkey or Saudi Arabia, focusing on ensuring the stable supply of critical livelihood supplies such as food and medical care.
Fu Derui pointed out that from the perspective of industry operations, the two-week ceasefire window period is not enough to promote the full return of the shipping network to normal, and it is difficult to support the rescheduling of regular routes in and out of the Gulf region. A more realistic situation may be that some ships currently stranded in the Gulf area will be redeployed due to the expected improvement in safe passage, but the systematic recovery of the overall network will still take time.
According to Ding Yandong, goods shipped to Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and other places a week ago were still unable to be shipped normally due to the situation, but orders from Jordan could be shipped smoothly. On the 9th, they "basically stopped delivering goods to old customers."
Zhou Mu (pseudonym), the person in charge of a freight forwarding company in Zhejiang, told China Business News that currently they are mainly engaged in freight forwarding business to Dubai. The volume of goods in other areas is relatively scattered, so they will not accept orders.
Fu Derui believes that the situation in the Middle East has had a substantial impact on the global shipping and logistics system, and the scope of the impact has long gone beyond the Middle East itself. It has not only caused mismatches in transportation capacity, and some ships and equipment have been stranded or delayed in relevant areas, resulting in regional transportation capacity shortages; it has also extended the overall transportation timeliness, and many routes have been lengthened due to detours or reorganizations, and the overall turnover efficiency has decreased. In addition, fuel expenses, insurance premiums and risk premiums have increased, significantly pushing up comprehensive operating costs.
"If the current disturbance lasts longer than previously expected, the industry may face deeper structural adjustments." He gave examples, such as the long-term adoption of alternative routes or multimodal transport solutions, a shift from "prioritizing the efficiency of a single route" to strengthening contingency and alternative plan planning, and more prudent assessment of geopolitical risk exposure in network layout and procurement strategies. This further highlights the central role of resilience and flexibility in modern supply chain planning.
Foreign trade demand is lower than expected
Under the conflict, the uncertainty of transportation capacity is only superficial pressure, and the deeper pressure comes from the demand side.
For example, Zhou Mu said: “The overall feeling is still weak.”
Ding Yandong also said that the demand from Middle Eastern customers has dropped too obviously. "Normally, this season is the peak purchasing season, but now I don't even bother to ask."
Faced with the still tense geopolitical situation, freight rates on most ocean routes in China's export container shipping market continue to rise, driving the composite index to rise. On April 3, Shanghai's export container comprehensive freight index increased by 1.5% compared with the previous period. Among them, the Persian Gulf route increased by 6.7% from the previous issue, the European route fell slightly, the North American route increased slightly, and the Australia-New Zealand route and the South American route benefited from the recovery in demand, which increased by 14.2% and 5.4% respectively from the previous issue.
Fu Derui analyzed that the current freight price trend shows significant differentiation characteristics, among which rising fuel costs are an important driver of recent fluctuations. The combination of factors such as lengthened voyages and rising risk premiums has further increased cost pressures. These pressures are difficult to alleviate in the short term.
Observing from the freight demand side, he believes that "the current market performance is not as good as expected at the beginning of the year" and the volatility is also significantly higher than the same period last year. As far as the Middle East is concerned, import and export demand is mainly restricted by three factors. First, the cancellation or delay of bookings has increased. Second, cargo owners have become more cautious in inventory management and procurement decisions. Third, it has become more difficult to predict transportation cycles and landed costs.
Profit margins are squeezed by multiple factors
Pressure also exists on the double squeeze on the cost side.
Affected by the war, raw material prices continued to remain high. Ding Yandong has to negotiate price increases with customers while fighting for prices with suppliers. He is quite passive in the middle, and a decline in profit margins is inevitable.
Also impacting exporters' profits is the continued strengthening of the RMB exchange rate: On April 8, the onshore and offshore RMB exchange rates against the U.S. dollar once rose by more than 300 basis points, rising above the 6.83 mark, setting a new high in the past three years.
Wang Qing, chief macro analyst of Oriental Jincheng, said that driven by the easing of the situation in the Middle East, demand for safe havens has declined, and the U.S. dollar index has fallen sharply, driving a strong appreciation process for major non-U.S. currencies, including the renminbi. It is expected that the RMB will most likely continue its stable to strong trend amid the violent fluctuations in the U.S. dollar index.
Ding Yandong said that what they can do is to "bite the bullet and hold on" and wait until the exchange rate is better before settling foreign exchange; at the same time, they will continue to reduce costs and increase efficiency on the supply side.
The Spring Canton Fair, which originally had high hopes, has now become one of Ding Yandong's worries. "A dozen customers from the Middle East have already said they can't come to the Canton Fair in mid-April," he said frankly.
In addition to the domestic Canton Fair, Middle East exhibitions that have been suspended since March have not yet resumed. Zhang Yan, the head of an international exhibition company in Zhejiang, told China Business News that several of their exhibitions in Dubai and Saudi Arabia have decided to cancel this year. Although the current business volume in the Middle East is not large, Zhang Yan said that they will follow up on the progress of the situation in a timely manner and keep in close contact with the exhibition hall to see if there is an opportunity to reorganize the Middle East exhibition. Of course, it is still unknown whether the exhibition hall can squeeze out the schedule before the end of the year.
Not all foreign trade people can only bear it passively. Some foreign trade manufacturers are regaining their rhythm.
Che Yunwen, a foreign trade manufacturer whose inventory can only last until the end of March, told China Business News that starting last week, they have started to re-purchase. The reason is that customers generally accept the fact that raw material prices have increased and are willing to bear the rising costs. As business continues to pick up, overseas customers also have a strong willingness to replenish goods, and their orders on hand have continued to grow during the same period this year. In order to cope with exchange rate fluctuations, on the one hand, they will take some measures to lock the exchange rate, and on the other hand, they will also consciously reserve about 0.2 room for exchange rate appreciation when quoting.
-Goods trade-
Question 1: Article 2(1) of the "Notice of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Further Facilitating the Settlement of Foreign Exchange Funds to Support the Stable Development of Foreign Trade" (hereinafter referred to as the "Notice") mentions "net settlement of general trade balances between domestic and foreign affiliated enterprises". Does this include the business of refunding foreign exchange for trade in goods?
Answer: According to Article 2 of the "Notice", high-quality enterprises can handle the net settlement of general trade balances between domestic and foreign affiliated enterprises, including foreign exchange refund business under general trade, but not including foreign exchange refund business under other goods trade.
Question 2: The customer is an enterprise in a bonded zone. It has previously received payment in US dollars from an enterprise in a general trade zone. The payment declaration form is a domestic income declaration form. Now it has been more than 180 days since the customer wanted to return the US$300,000 in payment to the company outside the area. Does this domestic U.S. dollar refund that exceeds 180 days require registration at the foreign exchange bureau?
Answer: Yes.
-Trade in services-
Question 3: Article 7 of the "Notice of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Further Facilitating the Settlement of Foreign Exchange Funds to Support the Stable Development of Foreign Trade" (hereinafter referred to as the "Notice") supports the relaxation of the management of agency advance business in service trade. How should "domestic and foreign institutions with trade transactions" mentioned in it be understood?
Answer: The import and export of goods between domestic and foreign institutions and the related service trade derived therefrom, as well as the service trade that occurs between service providers such as transportation and warehousing enterprises, all fall into the category of "having trade transactions". This provision applies to transportation, warehousing, maintenance, customs declaration, inspection, insurance, demurrage, despatch and other expenses incurred during the trade of goods, as well as customs clearance fees and other expenses incurred between domestic and foreign transportation companies.
Question 4: According to Article 7 of the "Notice of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Further Facilitating the Settlement of Foreign Exchange Funds to Support the Stable Development of Foreign Trade" (hereinafter referred to as the "Notice"), banks should indicate "advances for trade-related service fees" in the postscript of foreign-related income and expenditure declaration transactions. Is it no longer necessary to indicate "advance for non-related services" as required by the "Guidelines for Current Account Foreign Exchange Business (2020 Edition)"?
Answer: For the trade-related service fee advance business handled in accordance with Article 7 of the "Notice", the bank should indicate "trade-related service fee advance" in the postscript of the foreign-related income and expenditure declaration transaction and no longer mark "non-related advance".
-Capital Projects-
Question 5: After April 1, 2026, when should domestic companies register for overseas listing?
Answer: According to Article 3 of the "Notice of the People's Bank of China and the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Relevant Issues Concerning the Fund Management of Overseas Listings of Domestic Enterprises" (Yinfa No. 252): Domestic enterprises listed overseas should go to the bank at the place of registration to register for overseas listing within 30 working days from the first trading day of overseas listing or after the over-allotment is completed.
Question 6: Do domestic shareholders need to go through foreign exchange registration when they receive dividends from a listed company with "full circulation" H shares?
Answer: According to Article 4 of the "Notice of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Issuance" (Huifa No. 12) 4.4.4.2 H-share "Full Circulation" Review Principles: Dividends paid to domestic shareholders by listed companies participating in the "Full Circulation" of h-shares should be distributed directly in the country in RMB by China Securities Depository and Clearing Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as CSDC).
Question 7: Does the foreign exchange income earned by individuals participating in the equity incentive plan have to be settled in foreign exchange? If a domestic institution needs to withhold and pay personal income tax, how should it be handled?
Answer: According to Article 5 of the 6.1.4 Review Principles of the "Notice of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Printing and Distribution" (Huifa No. 12): funds transferred back under the equity incentive plan can be retained in cash and can be transferred from the resident overseas securities and derivatives accounts of domestic agencies to the relevant personal domestic foreign exchange accounts; the agency can also transfer the funds to the relevant personal accounts after unified settlement of foreign exchange and transfer to its RMB settlement account. If it is necessary to withhold and pay personal income tax for domestic individuals, the domestic agency can transfer the funds corresponding to the withholding and payment of tax to its RMB settlement account for payment to the tax department.
-Balance of payments declaration-
Question 8: When a domestic exporter exports goods to Egypt, the exporter needs to register on the cargox platform and pay a certain fee. How should he declare it?
Answer: According to the provisions of the 2025 edition of the "Analysis of Indirect Declaration of Balance of Payments", cargox is a supplier of blockchain-based solutions for the shipping and logistics industry. Its headquarters is located in Slovenia. As the blockchain file transmission gateway of the Egyptian Cargo Forecast Information System, cargox can be regarded as a file transmission platform through which exporters obtain ACI numbers. In practice, you should pay attention to what kind of services you receive from the company. If it is only used to check customs declaration information, it should be declared under "227030 Trade in Services - Telecommunications, Computer and Information Services - Information Services".
Question 9: How should the tax bureau declare the stamp tax remitted by a non-resident company when it receives it?
Answer: According to the 2025 edition of the "Analysis of Examples of Indirect Declaration of the Balance of Payments", stamp duty is a tax levied on the act of establishing and receiving legally valid vouchers in economic activities and economic exchanges. It is named after the tax stamp is affixed to the taxable voucher as a sign of tax payment. Taxpayers can purchase and affix tax stamps on their own in accordance with the prescribed taxable proportion and quota, or entrust them to collect it on their behalf, and the tax authorities can collect it on their behalf through the unit that issues or handles taxable certificates. As a behavioral tax, stamp duty is directly related to economic activities and is a production tax in primary distribution, so it should be classified as primary income. The core of secondary income is transfer payment, which is not directly related to the nature and function of stamp duty. Therefore, the tax bureau should declare the income under "323020 Primary income (income) - other primary income - taxes and subsidies on products and production".
-Personal foreign exchange-
Question 10: If a domestic individual rents a house abroad while studying abroad, can the rent not occupy his convenience quota?
Answer: According to the relevant provisions of the "Notice of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Issuing the "Guidelines for Current Account Foreign Exchange Business (2020 Edition)"" (Huifa [2020] No. 14), "Individual foreign exchange settlement and domestic individual foreign exchange purchase are subject to annual facilitation quota management, and the facilitation quota is the equivalent of US$50,000 per person per year. Domestic individuals can handle current account foreign exchange purchases at banks without occupying the facilitation quota with their valid identity documents and relevant foreign exchange purchase materials with transaction amounts." According to the above provisions, individuals can choose whether to use their own convenience quota. If your annual convenience quota of US$50,000 is occupied, you can go through the foreign exchange purchase procedures at the bank with your valid ID. If you do not use your convenience quota, you need to use your valid ID card and proof of rent with transaction amount to go to the bank to purchase foreign exchange without the quota.
Question 11: Can domestic individuals engaged in cross-border e-commerce handle settlement through their foreign exchange accounts?
Answer: According to Article 66 of the "Notice of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Issuing the Guidelines for Current Account Foreign Exchange Business (2020 Edition)" (Huifa [2020] No. 14), foreign exchange receipts and payments for personal trade in goods are handled in accordance with the following provisions: (2) Domestic individuals engaged in cross-border e-commerce can handle cross-border e-commerce foreign exchange settlement through their own foreign exchange accounts. Domestic individuals who handle foreign exchange settlement and sales under cross-border e-commerce and provide materials with transaction amounts or electronic transaction information will not occupy the individual's annual facilitation quota.
-Cross-border RMB-
Question 12: The State Administration of Foreign Exchange has recently reduced the negative list for the use of capital account income. Can the use of RMB income from capital accounts by domestic institutions be followed accordingly?
Answer: Yes. RMB income from capital accounts of domestic institutions shall be used within the business scope approved by relevant national departments under the following conditions: it shall not be used directly or indirectly for expenditures prohibited by national laws and regulations; unless otherwise clearly provided, it shall not be used directly or indirectly for securities investment or other investment and financial management (except for financial products and structured deposits with risk rating results no higher than Level 2); and shall not be used to issue loans to non-affiliated enterprises (except when clearly permitted by the business scope).
Question 13: Do foreign-invested enterprises need to register basic reinvestment information for domestic RMB reinvestment?
Answer: When a foreign-invested enterprise uses RMB income from capital projects to carry out domestic reinvestment, the invested enterprise or equity transferor does not need to register the basic information for receiving domestic reinvestment and register changes.
Question 14: Does a special RMB deposit account opened by a foreign shareholder of an A-share listed company to reduce its shareholdings and distribute dividends need to be opened in the place of registration of the listed company?
Answer: In view of the fact that the "Notice of the General Office of the People's Bank of China on Issues Related to Account Opening and Foreign Exchange Management Involved in the Reduction of Shares and Dividends Distributed by Foreign Shareholders of A-share Listed Companies" (Yinbanfa [2009] No. 178) has been abolished, and the "Guidelines on Foreign Exchange Administration of Capital Accounts (2024 Edition)" have relaxed the requirements for the location of accounts involved in the reduction of shares held by foreign investors in A-share listed companies. When foreign shareholders of a-share listed companies open special RMB deposit accounts due to reduction of shareholdings and dividend distribution, they are exempted from the requirement that "it should be opened at the place of registration of the listed company" in accordance with Article 2 of Part 2 of the "Notice of the People's Bank of China on Issues Concerning the Opening and Use of RMB Bank Settlement Accounts of Overseas Institutions" (Yinfa [2012] No. 183). When remitting funds for reduction of holdings, the bank should review the relevant information on the registration of reduction of holdings by the Foreign Exchange Bureau to ensure that the amount of reduction of holdings is within the range that can be outflowed; when remitting funds for dividend distribution, the bank should review the dividend distribution announcement and tax certificates.
Question 15: If a foreign investor remits upfront expenses in RMB before establishing a foreign-invested enterprise in China, is it necessary to register basic information on the upfront expenses?
Answer: Foreign investors who wish to remit RMB upfront expenses before establishing a foreign-invested enterprise in China can directly open a special deposit account for RMB upfront expenses at a bank and remit the funds for the upfront expenses. There is no need to register basic information on the upfront expenses before opening the account.
Question 16: When an enterprise handles RMB remittance for overseas direct investment business (odi), if the currency of odi investment approved, approved, and filed with the commerce and development and reform departments is foreign currency, does it need to change the approval, approval, and filing documents again?
Answer: No, the bank can handle the remittance of funds within the converted amount after reasonably converting it into RMB at the market exchange rate based on the approval, verification and filing documents issued by the commerce and development and reform departments.
On the afternoon of March 27, the "Dialogue with Lang Xianping·Guangdong Businessmen's Strategic Breakthrough" summit forum hosted by Poly Real Estate was held at Poly Golf County in Huadu. Lang Xianping's three sentences are inseparable from the Great Depression and the general environment. Regarding housing prices, his view is: "It will still rise slightly in the future."
On the afternoon of April 27, the "Dialogue with Lang Xianping·Guangdong Businessmen's Strategic Breakthrough" summit forum hosted by Poly Real Estate was held at Poly Golf County in Huadu. Lang Xianping's three sentences are inseparable from the Great Depression and the general environment. Regarding housing prices, his view is: "It will still rise slightly in the future."
The afternoon before yesterday, the "Dialogue with Lang Xianping·Guangdong Businessmen's Strategic Breakthrough" summit forum hosted by Poly Real Estate was held at Poly Golf County in Huadu.
Lang Xianping's three sentences are inseparable from the Great Depression and the general environment. Regarding housing prices, his view is: "It will still rise slightly in the future."
This summit forum was held in the gymnasium of Poly Golf County. The venue originally arranged for 1,000 seats was actually crowded with 2,000 people when the lecture started.
Even so, many viewers who had not redeemed their tickets in advance still chose to stand on both sides of the stage.
Faced with the current economic situation in China, Lang Xianping started with a bombshell: "China in 2014 was a country in deep depression in the world." Professor Lang used the stock market as evidence. China is a country where the global stock market has fallen for six consecutive years.
Regarding housing prices, his view is: "It will still rise slightly in the future." However, he continued to add: "Actually, I never publicly predict housing prices, because housing prices are closely related to government regulation, but government policies have always been illogical and unpredictable."
For investors who want to invest in real estate, Lang Xianping pointed out that the value of houses in first-tier cities as investment products will be greater than that in second- and third-tier cities.
Qingdao's second-hand houses were signed with 623 packages, up 30%, and the listing price fell 0.34%
Why bother worrying about 670,000 selected quality houses to finalize your happiness?
Super cost-effective, wait in line to see the house in Fushan and buy a house with a view of the lake and mountains.
"The Ray framework aims to solve many challenges in distributed computing and provide developers with an efficient and flexible tool to build and run distributed applications in Python."
What is Ray?
In the context of today's rapidly changing technology, with the surge in data processing requirements and the emergence of complex computing tasks, traditional computing models are no longer able to support large-scale, high-efficiency computing requirements. Distributed computing technology is on the rise, and the Ray framework stands out. It is specially designed to solve distributed computing problems and creates an efficient and flexible distributed application development platform for Python developers. In recent years, with its excellent performance, high flexibility and user-friendliness, Ray has become the preferred solution for many developers, researchers, Internet companies and AI companies. Ray, this open source distributed computing framework, originated from the wisdom of the RAPID team at the University of California, Berkeley. Its core mission is to simplify the development process of distributed systems, especially for applications in the fields of machine learning and data science. Ray's design philosophy is to achieve the convenience of stand-alone development while ensuring seamless expansion to large-scale cluster environments.
Ray’s main features distributed computing capabilities
Ray gives developers the ability to parallelize Python code and make full use of multi-core processors and distributed computing resources. Its core components include:
· Task: The basic calculation unit, which can be any Python function.
· Scheduler: Responsible for dynamically scheduling the execution of tasks to ensure efficient utilization of resources.
Dynamic task scheduling
Ray's scheduler can flexibly manage task execution based on the real-time status of the system and resource availability. This means that developers do not need to pay attention to the specific execution order of tasks. Ray will automatically handle the dependencies between tasks, significantly improving development efficiency.
Actor model support
Ray's Actor model allows the creation of objects with persistent state - actors. Each actor maintains state during its life cycle and communicates with other actors through message passing. This design greatly simplifies the construction of complex applications, especially in concurrent processing and state sharing scenarios.
Strong ecosystem
Ray is not only a basic framework, but also equipped with a powerful tool library to meet diverse application scenarios:
· Ray Tune: A library focused on hyperparameter optimization that supports multiple optimization algorithms and can easily manage experiments.
· Ray Serve: used to deploy machine learning models as an extensible API, supporting version control and hot updates of models.
· Ray RLLib: A library designed specifically for reinforcement learning, providing a set of out-of-the-box algorithms and training tools to support distributed training.
User-friendly API and extensibility
Ray's API design is intuitive and easy to use, with Python syntax as the core, lowering the learning threshold. Its core concepts, such as tasks, actors, and schedulers, are implemented through concise function calls and classes, making it easy for developers to get started. Ray's architectural design supports seamless expansion from a single machine to a large cluster, flexibly responds to resource requirements of different scales, and is very suitable for production environments.
Ray application scenarios
The Ray framework has demonstrated excellence in many areas, especially in:
In recent years, Ray has made significant progress in simplifying the development and deployment of AI models and improving computing efficiency, becoming the framework of choice for many AI companies. The RLlib library provides strong support for reinforcement learning, including multiple algorithm implementations and efficient distributed training capabilities. Ray also provides a distributed computing framework for the expansion of large language models (LLMs), supports efficient model training and deployment, and helps developers quickly process language tasks. For applications that require training multiple models at the same time (such as time series prediction), Ray ensures that model training tasks can be executed in parallel and efficiently through efficient resource management and task scheduling. Ray Tune simplifies the hyperparameter tuning process, supports automated parameter search and experiment management, and helps developers find optimal model configurations. Through Ray Serve, developers can easily deploy machine learning models as high-performance, scalable services to meet real-time prediction and response needs. Using Ray, developers can scale batch inference tasks from a single GPU to a large cluster and accelerate the inference process by processing input data in parallel, which is particularly critical in scenarios such as image recognition and natural language processing.
Summary and outlook
The Ray framework provides developers with powerful and flexible tools to address distributed computing challenges. By simplifying the development of complex distributed systems, Ray not only improves development efficiency, but also supports the deployment and management of large-scale applications. As data science and machine learning continue to advance, Ray will continue to play a key role in promoting efficient computing and innovative applications. Overall, the Ray framework is a noteworthy and powerful tool, especially for developers who want to build high-performance distributed applications in Python. Whether in research, development or production environments, Ray can provide efficient and reliable solutions to help developers succeed.
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The most detailed interpretation of the Expert Hybrid Model (MoE) on the entire network: Expert and router large model data engineering practice: ArenaLearning builds a large-scale data flywheel by simulating the LLM arena. The Tsinghua team proposes an AI agent information navigation mechanism to make agent communication more effective.
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In the era of knowledge economy, academic qualifications are not only proof of learning, but also a reflection of personal ability and knowledge level. Therefore, it is very important to improve your academic qualifications. By obtaining higher academic qualifications through study, you can continuously accumulate knowledge, enrich your knowledge, improve your thinking ability and comprehensive quality, and become more competitive in the workplace and life. So what are the application requirements for Guangdong 2026 academic qualification improvement? Below is some information about improving your academic qualifications. I hope it will be helpful to you!
Basic application conditions
Friends who want to improve their academic qualifications in 2026 must first meet several basic thresholds. The age requirement is that you must be 18 years or older and have full capacity for civil conduct. As for identity, you must be a legal citizen of China and hold a valid identity document. In terms of academic starting point, different levels have different requirements: those who apply for a junior college degree must have a high school or equivalent academic certificate; those who apply for an undergraduate degree must have a diploma from a junior college or above. Special reminder: some majors may have special requirements. For example, medicine usually requires relevant professional qualification certificates.
Main study format selection
There are currently three common ways to improve: adult college entrance examination, open education and self-study examination. The adult college entrance examination requires participation in the national unified entrance examination, admission is based on the score line, and the learning form is mainly part-time; open education implements registration and enrollment, with online and offline mixed teaching; self-study examinations completely arrange the learning progress independently, and you can graduate by passing all subject examinations. All three types of diplomas are recognized, and you can choose flexibly according to your personal circumstances.
Cost range reference
Fees vary greatly, depending on the form of study, the level of the institution and the type of major. Overall, the total cost for junior college is usually around a few thousand to 15,000, and for an undergraduate it is between 10,000 to 25,000. Arts and medicine majors may have slightly higher scores. It is recommended to consult the target institution’s fee details in detail before registering, and pay attention to whether the tuition fee includes additional items such as textbook fees and practical fees.
Key Materials List
Necessary materials when applying include: original and copy of ID card, graduation certificate of prerequisite academic qualifications, recent bare-headed photo (electronic and paper version with blue background), residence certificate or household register (required for non-local household registration). Some institutions may require supplementary employment certificates or social security records. All materials must be true and valid. If found to be **, admission qualification will be cancelled.
Time node reminder
The important timeline for improving academic qualifications in 2026 is roughly as follows: pay attention to the release of admission brochures of various colleges and universities from May to July; conduct online pre-registration from August to September; confirm registration qualifications on-site in mid-September; take the entrance exam (adult college entrance examination) in October; check the admission results in December; officially register for admission in March of the following year. The self-study exam opens three exam windows each year (January, April, and October), and you can register for the exam at any time.
College selection advice
There are many high-quality colleges and universities in Guangdong that offer academic improvement programs. Comprehensive colleges such as South China University of Technology and South China Normal University offer a wide range of majors; specialty colleges such as Guangzhou Academy of Fine Arts have advantages in the field of art; local colleges such as Shenzhen University and Shantou University also have rich course resources. When choosing, it is recommended to combine your own career plans and give priority to professional strength rather than simply pursuing the reputation of the school.
FAQ pitfall avoidance guide
Be wary of the "**" trap. All formal academic qualifications need to be completed to complete prescribed learning tasks; pay attention to the authenticity of the academic system. It normally takes 2.5-3 years to upgrade from junior college to undergraduate. Claims of *** are not credible; verify the school qualifications and be sure to check the enrollment qualifications on the official website of the Provincial Education Examination Agency before registering; keep the payment voucher, and all fees should be paid through the official channels of the school and ask for receipts.
Improving your academic qualifications is an important life investment. Understanding the application requirements in advance can avoid detours. The above is about what are the application requirements for Guangdong 2026 academic qualification improvement? Candidates can use this as a reference for relevant content, and the official announcement shall prevail! If candidates want to get more information about academic qualification improvement, such as academic qualification improvement registration time, exam time, application conditions, exam preparation knowledge, related news, etc., please pay attention to the Education Online Examination Channel.
Statistics from the State Administration of Foreign Exchange show that in February 2026, banks settled RMB 1,433.8 billion in foreign exchange and sold RMB 1,136.2 billion in foreign exchange. From January to February 2026, the cumulative foreign exchange settlement by banks was 3,438.5 billion yuan, and the cumulative foreign exchange sales was 2,581.9 billion yuan.
In US dollar terms, in February 2026, banks settled US$206.4 billion in foreign exchange and sold US$163.6 billion in foreign exchange. From January to February 2026, the cumulative foreign exchange settlement by banks was US$492.7 billion, and the cumulative foreign exchange sales were US$370.1 billion.
In February 2026, banks’ foreign-related income on behalf of customers was 4,168.4 billion yuan, and external payments were 3,921.1 billion yuan. From January to February 2026, the cumulative foreign-related income of banks on behalf of customers was 9,640.6 billion yuan, and the cumulative external payments were 8,818.5 billion yuan.
In US dollars, in February 2026, banks’ foreign-related income on behalf of customers was US$600.1 billion, and external payments were US$564.5 billion. From January to February 2026, the cumulative foreign-related income of banks on behalf of customers was US$1,381.7 billion, and the cumulative external payments were US$1,264 billion.
Attached: Glossary of terms and related instructions
Bank foreign exchange settlement and sales refer to the foreign exchange settlement and sales business handled by banks for their customers and themselves, including forward foreign exchange settlement and sales performance and option exercise data, excluding inter-bank foreign exchange market transaction data. The statistical time point for bank foreign exchange settlement and sales is when the exchange of RMB and foreign exchange occurs. Among them, foreign exchange settlement means that foreign exchange owners sell foreign exchange to banks, and foreign exchange sales means that banks sell foreign exchange to foreign exchange users. The difference between foreign exchange settlement and sales is the netting amount between foreign exchange settlement and foreign exchange sales.
Forward foreign exchange settlement and sales signing refers to the negotiation between the bank and the customer to sign a forward foreign exchange settlement (foreign exchange sale) contract, agreeing on the foreign exchange currency, amount, exchange rate and term for future foreign exchange settlement (foreign exchange sales); when the due foreign exchange income (expenditure) occurs, the foreign exchange settlement (foreign exchange sale) will be handled in accordance with the currency, amount, and exchange rate specified in the forward foreign exchange settlement (foreign exchange sale) contract.
The liquidation of forward foreign exchange settlement and sales refers to the behavior of a customer who reverses the original transaction and closes part or all of the forward position due to changes in the real demand background and the inability to fulfill the fund delivery obligations.
The extension of forward foreign exchange settlement and sales refers to the behavior of customers to adjust the delivery time of the original transaction due to changes in the real demand background.
The accumulated undue balance of forward foreign exchange settlement and sales at the end of the current period refers to the balance of the forward foreign exchange settlement and foreign exchange sales contracts signed by the bank and its customers that have not yet expired at the end of the current period; the balance refers to the difference between the unexpired forward foreign exchange settlement and foreign exchange sales balances.
The net exposure of unexpired options Delta refers to the spot exchange rate risk exposure implied by the accumulated unexpired contracts of the option business handled by the bank at the end of the period.
Foreign-related receipts and payments by banks on behalf of customers refer to the receipts and payments between domestic non-bank resident institutions and individuals (collectively referred to as non-bank sectors) through domestic banks and non-resident institutions and individuals, excluding cash receipts and payments and banks' own foreign-related receipts and payments. Specifically, it includes: cross-border receipts and payments (including foreign exchange and RMB) between non-banking departments and non-residents through domestic banks, and domestic receipts and payments between non-banking departments and non-residents through domestic banks (temporarily excluding RMB receipts and payments between domestic resident individuals and institutions and domestic non-resident individuals). The statistical time point is when customers handle foreign-related receipts and payments at domestic banks. Among them, the foreign-related income of banks on behalf of customers refers to the money received by non-banking departments from non-residents through domestic banks, and the foreign expenditures of banks on behalf of customers refer to the money paid by non-banking departments to non-residents through domestic banks.
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