During the Republic of China, the family's strength increased significantly, especially the competition between the two brothers Liu Xiang and Liu Wenhui, which led to the rapid rise of the Liu family. Under his oppression, many innocent lives were lost, but he himself lived a luxurious life, as if he had nothing to do with it. even if he has died
Shenzhen High-tech Park. Photographed by Shenzhen Special Economic Zone News reporter Zhou Hongsheng An aerial view of Shenzhen High-tech Industrial Park. Zhou Hongsheng Kingdee International provides localized services for overseas companies. (Visual China) Kingdee International provides localized services for enterprises expanding overseas. VCG
Shenzhen News Network, January 21, 2026 (Shenzhen Special Zone Daily reporter Zhou Yumeng) As the window for China’s reform and opening up and the core engine of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Shenzhen has used digital service outsourcing as a breakthrough in recent years to continue to promote the upgrading of the information technology outsourcing (ITO) industry towards high value-added and high-tech content.
According to the latest data from the Shenzhen Municipal Bureau of Commerce, as of December 2024, Shenzhen's offshore service outsourcing business covers 82 countries and regions around the world, with digital trade import and export of US$60.16 billion, a year-on-year increase of 11.3%. Among them, the export volume was US$29.21 billion, a year-on-year increase of 6.4%. As a national service outsourcing demonstration city, Shenzhen has made particularly outstanding contributions. In 2024, the execution volume of national service outsourcing will increase by 17.4% year-on-year, among which the execution volume of information technology outsourcing (ITO), business process outsourcing (BPO) and knowledge process outsourcing (KPO) will increase by 6.47%, 10.95% and 11.69% respectively, becoming an important growth pole for national ITO exports.
Policies are targeted to drive high value-added transformation
In order to consolidate and expand the advantages of the ITO industry, in the past two years, Shenzhen's policy support for ITO/KPO and other high value-added service outsourcing has shifted from "widening the net" to "fine focus".
In 2023, Shenzhen issued "Several Measures to Support the High-Quality Development of Digital Trade" which stipulates that 15% of the execution value of cloud computing and AI outsourcing contracts will be rewarded (with a maximum limit of 5 million yuan for a single project) to promote the transition of enterprises to high value-added fields such as AI and industrial software; the "Shenzhen i Enterprise" platform provides 80% cost reimbursement for corporate employees to obtain international certifications such as AWS and PMP; the "International Professional Qualification Certification" piloted in the Qianhai Cooperation Zone recognizes the IT qualifications of Hong Kong, Macao and Singapore, injecting policy dividends into industrial development.
"Shenzhen's service outsourcing policy has entered a new stage of 'improving quality and increasing efficiency'." Li Ming, director of the Service Trade Research Center of Shenzhen University, said, "In the past, we competed for costs, but now we compete for technology, delivery, and ecology. The government uses real money to guide enterprises to upgrade to knowledge-intensive fields such as cloud computing, AI, and industrial software, which is seizing the window period of global digital transformation."
Diverse entities collaborate to build global delivery capabilities
In the Shenzhen ITO ecosystem, different types of enterprises show their strengths and form a synergistic effect. It not only has global technology giants such as Huawei and Tencent, but also gathered a group of professional ITO service companies, forming a complete pattern of "head empowerment + professional deep cultivation".
Platform technology companies rely on their own technology base to export digital infrastructure capabilities. For example, Huawei Cloud has set up multiple delivery centers around the world to provide localized ITO services to customers in Europe, the Middle East, Latin America and other places; Tencent relies on Tencent Cloud and the Qidian platform to build the technical support system for overseas games into an ITO benchmark. "This is no longer a simple code outsourcing, but the output of global digital infrastructure capabilities." An industry analyst commented.
In addition, there are more than 50 leading IT service providers that are listed or in specific fields, including Kingdee International, ChinaSoft International, iSoftStone, and Farben Information, as well as more than 3,000 specialized small and medium-sized enterprises. They have won recognition in the international market with their agile delivery and deep development in vertical fields. For example, Kingdee International has built a three-in-one overseas delivery resource pool to provide localized services to Chinese companies going overseas. Up to now, Kingdee's customer business has spread to 172 countries and regions around the world, and has served a total of 1,000+ overseas benchmark companies, becoming the preferred partner for overseas companies.
The talent structure continues to be optimized to support high-quality development of the industry
Talent is the core driving force for the growth of the ITO industry.
Data shows that as of 2025, the number of registered employees in Shenzhen has exceeded 12.71 million, of which nearly 700,000 are engaged in information transmission, software and IT services, making it one of the cities with the highest concentration of IT talents in the country. In cutting-edge fields such as artificial intelligence and cloud computing, Shenzhen’s concentration of high-end talents ranks among the top in the country; in the field of service outsourcing, Shenzhen’s talents with multi-lingual and international project experience account for about 24%, which is significantly higher than the 12% average level of the national service outsourcing industry.
Through the three-in-one training mechanism of school-enterprise cooperation, government training, and international introduction, universities such as Shenzhen University and Southern University of Science and Technology have established service outsourcing colleges and jointly built industrial bases with Huawei and Tencent, producing tens of thousands of ICT and information technology-related graduates on average every year.
"Currently, Shenzhen is accelerating from the past model of relying on large-scale supply of human resources to a new stage of value creation driven by high-end talents." The head of Liepin South China said that Shenzhen's engineering team is becoming the core competitiveness of service outsourcing "going abroad".
Focus on cutting-edge areas and contribute to service outsourcing upgrade Shenzhen solutions
Currently, Shenzhen's ITO industry is accelerating its climb to the top of the value chain. In 2024, 11 service trade digitalization cases in Shenzhen were selected as the construction results of the "Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Trade Digital Pilot Zone", covering cutting-edge areas such as AI-driven test automation and low-code platform outsourcing.
Experts generally believe that Shenzhen's ITO industry has initially formed a virtuous cycle of "technology-driven-policy guidance-enterprise implementation". In the future, with the deepening of digital trade rules under the RCEP framework, the advancement of cross-border data flow pilots in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, and the continued enhancement of corporate international operation capabilities, Shenzhen is expected to occupy a more strategic position in the global ITO value chain.
"Shenzhen ITO's model with technological innovation as the engine, global delivery as the stage, and high value-added services as the core has not only contributed to the Shenzhen plan for upgrading China's service outsourcing, but also set a new benchmark in the reconstruction of the global digital service value chain." Li Ming said.
Zhou Yumeng, Shenzhen Special Zone Daily
As China's pioneering reform hub and the core engine of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA), Shenzhen is leveraging digital service outsourcing to propel its information technology outsourcing (ITO) sector toward high-value, technology-intensive offerings.
Data from the Shenzhen Municipal Commerce Bureau revealed that as of December 2024, the city's offshore service outsourcing had reached 82 countries and regions. Digital trade import-export volume hit US$60.16 billion in 2024, up 11.3% year on year, with exports growing 6.4% to US$29.21 billion. As a national service outsourcing model city, Shenzhen saw executed contract value rise 17.4% in In 2024, with ITO, BPO (business process outsourcing), and KPO (knowledge process outsourcing) growing 6.47%, 10.95%, and 11.69%, respectively, cementing its role as a key national growth pole for ITO exports.
Shenzhen has refined policy support to consolidate its advantages in high-value segments like ITO and KPO. In 2023 the city introduced a series of measures to promote high-quality digital trade. Among them was a 15% reward-based on executed contract value-for outsourcing projects in cloud computing and AI, steering firms toward premium sectors like industrial software. Additional incentives included the “Shen i Qi” platform's 80% subsidy for international certifications and Qianhai's pilot program recognizing overseas vocational qualifications.
"Shenzhen's policy has entered a stage of quality and efficiency enhancement," noted Li Ming, director of the Service Trade Research Center at Shenzhen University. "Competition is now centered on technology, delivery, and ecosystem - not just cost."
Shenzhen's ITO ecosystem thrives on the complementary strengths of diverse players. Alongside global giants like Huawei and Tencent, the city hosts a cluster of agile service providers.
Platform-based enterprises are exporting digital infrastructure capabilities globally. Huawei Cloud has established worldwide delivery centers while Tencent leverages its cloud and Qidian Platform to transform technical support for game exports into an ITO benchmark. “This represents the export of global digital infrastructure capability, far beyond simple coding,” an industry analyst observed.
Over 50 leading IT firms, including Kingdee International, Chinasoft International, iSoftStone, and Faben Information, alongside thousands of specialized SMEs, are winning international business through agile delivery and deep vertical expertise. Kingdee, for example, serves clients in 172 countries, supporting over 1,000 overseas flagship enterprises.
A robust talent pool underpins the industry's ascent. Shenzhen's employed population had exceeded 12.71 million by 2025, with nearly 700,000 in IT services. making it one of China's most talent-dense IT cities. The city leads in concentrations of high-end talent in AI and cloud computing. Notably, about 24% of its service outsourcing workforce possesses multilingual and international project experience-double the national average.
Local universities, including Shenzhen University and the Southern University of Science and Technology, partner with industry leaders like Huawei and Tencent, producing tens of thousands of ICT graduates annually.
Shenzhen's ITO sector is now accelerating toward the top of the global value chain. In 2024, 11 of its digital trade cases were featured in the achievements of the GBA Trade Digitalization Pilot Zone, spanning AI-driven test automation and low-code platform outsourcing.
Experts expect Shenzhen to take on a more strategic global role as digital trade rules deepen under RCEP, cross-border data flow pilots advance in the GBA, and local firms enhance international operations.
"Shenzhen's ITO model-powered by innovation, staged for global delivery, and centered on high-value services-offers a blueprint for China's service outsourcing upgrade and sets a new benchmark in the restructuring of the global digital value chain," Li said.
(translated by Li Jing)
Approach APEC
APEC Snapshots
APEC organizational structure
APEC has a five-level operating mechanism: informal leaders’ meeting, ministerial meeting, senior officials’ meeting, committees and working groups, and secretariat.
APEC's main topics: As a regional economic cooperation forum, APEC mainly discusses issues related to the global and regional economy, such as trade and investment liberalization and facilitation, regional economic integration, connectivity, economic structural reform and innovative development, the global multilateral trading system, economic and technological cooperation and capacity building, etc.
APEC Structure
APEC operates within a five-tier framework: the Leaders' Meetings, Ministerial Meetings, Senior Officials' Meetings, committee and working-group meetings, and the Secretariat.
APEC's core agenda: As a forum dedicated to fostering regional economic cooperation, APEC primarily addresses global and regional economic issues. Its core agenda includes trade and investment liberalization and facilitation, regional economic integration, connectivity, economic structural reform and innovation, strengthening the global multilateral trading system, and promoting economic and technical cooperation for capacity building.
Looking back at APEC
APEC Through the Years
Second stop:
Bogor, Indonesia
In 1994, the second APEC leaders' informal meeting was held in Bogor, Indonesia. This meeting established APEC's goal of realizing trade and investment liberalization, known as the Bogor Goals, and proposed two timetables for developed members to achieve this goal before 2010 and for developing members to achieve this goal before 2020.
Bogor City is a famous city in West Java, Indonesia, about 60 kilometers north of Jakarta, the capital of Indonesia, with a population of about 3 million. Bogor has a pleasant climate and abundant rainfall. It is known as the place with the most thunder in the world and is known as the "Thunder Capital of the World". Bogor City has developed agriculture, manufacturing and tourism. Its famous attractions include Bogor Botanical Garden, Sala Volcano, etc. In August 2005, Shenzhen and Bogor established sister cities.
Second Stop: Bogor, Indonesia
The second APEC Economic Leaders'Meeting was held in Bogor, Indonesia, in 1994. At the meeting, APEC leaders adopted the Bogor Goals, which aimed for free and open trade and investment in the Asia-Pacific by 2010 for industrialized economies and by 2020 for developing economies.
Located 60 kilometers south of Jakarta, Bogor is a city of roughly 3 million people. It is known for pleasant climate, abundant rainfall, and frequent thunderstorms—a trait that has earned it the nickname “Lightning Capital of the World.” The city benefits from a well-developed agricultural sector, a strong manufacturing industry, and a thriving tourism scene. Among its notable attractions are the Bogor Botanical Gardens, and the nearby Mount Salak. In August 2005, Bogor and Shenzhen established a sister-city relationship.
Policy highlights
Policy Spotlight
Shenzhen’s “real money” promotes high-quality development of service trade
In May 2025, the Shenzhen Municipal Bureau of Commerce issued the "Ten Key Points of Policies to Support the Development of Shenzhen's Service Trade in 2025", offering "real money" to encourage companies to explore international markets and fully promote the high-quality development of service trade.
The policy proposes to encourage the undertaking of high value-added outsourcing business. Support service outsourcing enterprises to undertake high value-added service outsourcing businesses such as information technology outsourcing (ITO) and knowledge process outsourcing (KPO), and cultivate a number of industrial clusters and leading enterprises with complete functions and outstanding innovation around the high-end field of service outsourcing. Qualifying enterprises will be awarded up to 1 million yuan each.
At the same time, in December 2025, the Ministry of Commerce, the Central Cyberspace Administration of China, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Finance, and the General Administration of Customs jointly issued the "Action Plan to Promote the High-Quality Development of Service Outsourcing." It is proposed to support the high-quality development of service outsourcing demonstration cities such as Shenzhen by focusing on the implementation of platform carrier improvement actions and innovation-led actions.
Shenzhen invests heavily in service trade
In May 2025, the Shenzhen Municipal Commerce Bureau rolled out 10 new measures to bolster service trade development, providing strong financial incentives for enterprises to expand globally and upgrade the sector's growth quality.
The policy encourages firms to take on high value-added outsourcing-including ITO and KPO-and aims to foster innovative, functionally advanced industrial clusters and market leaders. Eligible companies may receive rewards of up to 1 million yuan each.
In December of the same year, national authorities issued an action plan to promote the high-quality development of service outsourcing. The plan outlines initiatives such as enhancing platform infrastructure and spurring innovation, and supports high-quality development in demonstration cities including Shenzhen.
On July 10, the Jiangxi Provincial Education Examination Authority issued an announcement for early batch recruitment, and the Immigration Management major of the Chinese People’s Police University was impressively listed! It hurts to see! Such a good major was actually recruited! Immigration management police, as the front-line staff facing the international community, are vividly called "guardians of the country." Immigration management is in charge of people, while customs management is in charge of things. But they all stand guard at the country's gate. In this sense, the immigration management major and the customs management major of Shanghai Customs College are actually similar. And from the current and long-term perspective, immigration management has more development prospects.
1. The Immigration Management major was launched under the background of the establishment of the National Immigration Administration!
Let’s take a look at our country’s management institutions and policy systems for managing foreigners before 2018, and you will understand the significance of the establishment of the National Immigration Administration!
According to statistics, in 2019, 97.675 million foreigners entered and exited the country. For such a large volume, it will definitely not work for multiple management agencies to manage it in a decentralized manner. The establishment of the National Immigration Administration is to strengthen the overall coordination of immigration and entry-exit management, better form a synergy for immigration management, integrate the entry-exit management and border inspection responsibilities of the Ministry of Public Security, and establish and improve the visa management coordination mechanism.
Therefore, the official establishment of the National Immigration Administration in April 2018 is of great significance for us to introduce outstanding talents from around the world and recruit global talents for our own use. The Immigration Management major was established to cultivate senior professionals in immigration management who are in demand. So, think about it, is this major very promising?
2. Immigration management major is a public security major. It is very possible to participate in the national police recruitment examination in the future.
Special note: This is my personal speculation.
Why do I say that majoring in immigration management will be eligible to take the National Police Recruitment Examination in the future? There are two main reasons:
First, this major was newly added in 2018, and the enrollment is approved in advance. It is subject to political review and physical examination, which is no different from the enrollment of other public security majors!
In 2019, based on the needs of national strategic development and the modernization of immigration governance, the People's Police University of China took the lead in offering an undergraduate major in immigration management in China with the approval of the Ministry of Education. The establishment of the immigration management major is a new expansion of the public security talent training system. It is an inevitable requirement for the reform of the national border defense and entry-exit management system, the increasing diversification and complexity of immigration management affairs, and the modernization of immigration governance.
Second, the reason why it is not stated in the document that this major is very likely to participate in the joint police recruitment examination is that there are currently no graduates in this major.
According to the provisions of the two documents "Opinions on Strengthening the Recruitment of People's Police in Public Security Organs" and "Opinions on the Reform of the Recruitment and Training System for Public Security Professionals in Public Security Colleges", there are currently 18 undergraduate majors that can participate in the National Joint Examination for Public Security Recruitment:
Public security science, investigation science, domestic security and protection, criminal science and technology, public security audio-visual technology, economic crime investigation, police dog technology, public security management, foreign-related policing, security prevention engineering, traffic management engineering, police command and tactics, anti-narcotics science, criminology, public security information science, network security and law enforcement, fire command, and fire protection engineering.
Please note that this document was issued in 2015. After 2016, five majors were added to the public security major: Technical Investigation (2016), Coast Guard Law Enforcement (2016), Public Security Political Work (2018), Immigration Management (2018), and Entry-Exit Management (2018). It is very likely that in the future, supplementary regulations will be issued to further supplement undergraduate majors in the joint police recruitment examination.
charge. (In the Jiangxi Province enrollment plan, it is clearly stated that it is for police employment in local public security agencies, so there should be no problem in referring to the joint police recruitment examination)
From the perspective of the personnel structure of the National Immigration Administration, the China People’s Police University is in a core supporting position in cultivating immigration management talents. According to media reports, since the establishment of the National Immigration Administration, a special immigration management police training institution has been initially formed with the People's Police University of China and the Party School of the National Immigration Administration as the core, the First Corps and the Second Corps of the Standing Forces as the foundation, the police academies of various provinces (municipalities) as the basis, and the rotation training brigades of each border inspection general station as supplements (32 in total).
On the one hand, the immigration management profession emerges in response to the times; on the other hand, the development of immigration management talents is in the window period, and the future development prospects are promising. If you apply for the Immigration Management major of the People's Police University of China, the first in the country, do you think your future will not be good?
The standardized performance of responsibilities such as foreigners' residence and permanent residence management, refugee management, nationality management, "three non-natives" foreigners' governance, international cooperation in the field of immigration, and public service needs in areas such as international students' education, foreign employment, immigration agency services, immigrant cultural integration, etc., all require a large number of high-level immigration management professionals. If they devote themselves to this profession, will the future development be bad?
3. Why is there a call for such a good major?
My personal guess is as follows:
When many people choose to approve their major in advance, they will choose the major and not obey the adjustment!
The reason is very simple. On the one hand, students who were approved in advance will not be admitted, and withdrawal will not affect the admission of the first batch. Therefore, when many candidates choose to be approved in advance, they will make a setting: the choice of major will not be subject to adjustments. If the major they like cannot be approved in advance, they will not go.
As shown above, the People's Police University of China enrolls students in many majors in Jiangxi Province, but is the immigration management major a bit strange? After all, I’m not very familiar with this major! This may be why this major was recruited.
If you compare the admission scores of Shanghai Customs College and the People's Police University of China in Jiangxi, you will find that the admission scores are really very different.
But given time, for a period of 10 years, imagine that when China's immigration management is as hot as the beautiful country, you choose the first national immigration management major of the People's Police University of China. Compared with the customs management major, which major will have better development?
Liu Wencai and his concubines
The battle between Liu and Liu broke out and Liu Wenhui lost. After Liu Wencai lost his military in southern Sichuan
As a result, his power was lost and he had to retreat to his hometown in Dayi. Before he fled the Syrian government,
In the name of "Commander Qingxiang", he was ordered to collect "national defense donations" of 200,000 yuan in the city within two days. have to
After taking control of the army, he focused on allocating funds and forcing businessmen and other wealthy families to "raise military pay." he
Soldiers, armed with bayonets and baskets, knocked on doors and beat households, performing a "forced collection" and "beating on doors"
The scandal of "donating". After the great looting in southern Sichuan, Liu Wencai took more than 20 wooden boats with him.
More than 4,500 boxes of gold and silver treasures (including more than 8 million silver dollars) fled back to their hometown in Dayi. Liu
While Wen Cai was in southern Sichuan, he sent people back to his hometown several times to build mansions and buy land. Retreat to Dayi
Soon after, his farmland soared to more than 15,000 acres, covering 11 areas in Dayi and western Sichuan.
county. Including his brothers and nephews, the Liu family occupied and annexed nearly 300,000 acres of land.
At that time, there was a ballad in this area that said: "Everyone in the land is named Liu, and the farmers' blood and sweat are
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Liu Wencai Mansion in Dayi, Sichuan
The large amount of land owned by Liu Wencai was plundered through extremely barbaric and despicable means.
came. In the Exhibition Hall of Dayi Landlord Manor, there are still more than 300 stamps with stamps and stamps on them.
Officially stamped blank contract. These official deeds were obtained by Liu Wencai from the Sichuan Provincial Department of Finance in Dayi.
of. At that time, Liu Wencai took a fancy to someone's land, so he filled in the landowner's surname on the official deed.
name, the land was deemed to be "controlled by the government" and "sold" to Liu Wencai. This kind of will
The method of forcibly occupying farmers' fields as "ownerless fields" is called "unclaimed fields". then,
Farmers guarding a small amount of "survival farmland" are always in fear. because of their soil
Liu Wencai may regard him as "Noda" and take over the land at any time. "Buy Feitian". Liu Wencai
Let his cronies pretend to be landowners and forcefully "buy" the land that farmers are unwilling to sell. "
"Eat the heart and the land". The landowner is unwilling to sell the land, but cannot use the above method to seize it, Liu Wencai
They bought all the surrounding fields, cut off the water source, and forced the landowners to be unable to cultivate.
So that he can sell it at the low price stipulated by Liu Wencai and "buy official land". When brothers in the old society separated,
Parents withdraw part of the land for retirement, and after their death this part of the land is sometimes used as "
The "official land" was preserved, and it became the object of Liu Wencai's grab. "Buying the disputed land".
Taking advantage of the land disputes caused by some small landowners, Liu Wencai expanded the disputes in the name of mediation.
Thus achieving its purpose of annexing land. In fact, in order to occupy farmers' land, Liu
Literary talent is used in every possible way. At the exhibition site of the murderous tyranny in the manor exhibition hall, there is a
This tangerine tree was planted by Liu Yishan in his yard more than 50 years ago.
The historical witness of Liu Wencai’s murder. In order to occupy Liu Yishan's six acres of paddy fields and
He forced his mother to death, shot three innocent helpers, and took Liu Yishan to the house.
Put in jail. Liu Wencai used cruel and barbaric means to take the land from the hands of farmers
At the same time, he rented small pieces of these lands to farmers for cultivation.
to exploit farmers by various means. When farmers rent Liu Wencai's land, first of all
You need to pay a deposit for all the Liu Wencai family's tenant land deeds stored in the old mansion.
Each copy has a record of first handing over "Stable Silver". "Stable Silver" is the deposit. deposit
It is interest-free and will be returned in full when the tenancy is terminated. However, due to inflation at the time, rent
The deposit, which was very valuable at the time of tenancy, has often depreciated significantly when the tenancy is surrendered. Liu Wencai
They often use the means of withdrawing their tenants and seizing their fields, coercing farmers into signing new contracts, re-surrendering them, or seizing them.
Tian Yi tenant. During this period of time when the tenants were seized, the deposits soaked with the blood and sweat of the farmers were often lost to them.
Embezzled. So the tenants said, "Push, pledge, you are really a thousand-pound gate on the farmers' heads."
moans. However, the land rent and usury exploitation suffered by the tenants were greater than the exploitation of deposits.
Peeling is much more brutal. Liu Wencai charges high "iron plate rent" ("fixed rent") from farmers,
Also known as "dead rent"), often as high as about 80% of the annual output at that time, and regardless of the current
Whether the annual harvest is good or bad, whether there are natural disasters or man-made disasters, and whether the rented grain is "not allowed to be late in payment of debts", Guang is forced to raise the
"When the mixing bucket (a threshing tool for millet and wheat) rings, the big farmer bursts into tears."
The farmers were desperate and had to borrow money from Liu Wencai, who took the opportunity to exploit them at high profits.
When farmers borrow money to borrow grain, Liu Wencai first deducts all the interest, which is called "beheading profit".
In addition, plus "market interest" (one market every three days, nine games a month, each market plus interest)
Wait, engage in usury exploitation, even lend money out during the day, and send out bandits and gangsters at night
"Bang Ke" grabbed it back, and Liu Wencai sat on the ground to share the spoils. When collecting rent and making loan sharks,
Liu Wencai also used big dou and big scale to earn money, while small dou and small scale released his hands.
Section aggravates the exploitation of farmers. It’s true: “Farmers have three knives over their heads: high rent, heavy mortgage,
Interest rates are high. "Liu Wencai used these "three knives" in turn to knock out the farmers' bones and suck out their marrow.
Squeeze and exploitation have caused thousands of farmers to lose their fortunes and scatter their wives and children. Liu Wen
In addition to exploiting and oppressing farmers, Cai and his family also engaged in
Banks such as "Renhe", "Yutong", "Chengyi" and "Huitong" were opened in Hainan and other places to fake national
The Kuomintang's "central bank" currency controls finance, manipulates the market, and speculates everywhere.
Extract the blood and sweat of working people. Liu Wencai returned to his hometown in Dayi from southern Sichuan in 1932
Later, relying on the guns and seals of warlord Liu and the remaining power of the war in southern Sichuan,
With Anren Town as the center, it continues to expand its power. After a series of elimination of dissidents, forming cliques,
Gangsters, hooligans and other social underworld forces threaten some people. formed a so-called
The feudal Pao Ge organized the "Public Welfare Association" with "100,000 brothers and more than 10,000 guns".
There are "piers" (i.e. branches) in 18 counties and cities.
Liu Wencai himself served as vice president, and asked his third brother Liu Wencheng to serve as president. The headquarters was located in Anren.
town. To this day, the headquarters site is still well preserved. In order to be able to manipulate "public welfare" easily
"Xiejin Society", Liu Wencai implemented a set of feudal patriarchal rule over it.
The hierarchy of the ministry is strict and members must obey the "charter" and "discipline". In this way, "Public Welfare Association"
Wherever the tentacles of "Jinshe" extend, it becomes Liu Wencai's sphere of influence. Liu Wencai
In order to protect his mansion, Cai set up an armed guard with a pistol company and raised
A large number of bodyguards. He also made special torture instruments and set up private courts. In 1948, Liu Wencai
Suppressed the "Two-Five-Year Rent Reduction" struggle of farmers in Dayi, and in 1949 masterminded the murder of Zhong
Xiao Rulin, a member of the Communist Party of China, and other comrades. In 1949, the People's Liberation Army of China
Marching to the southwest with great momentum. Liu Wencai was at the end of her rope, terrified, October 17
Died of illness in Chengdu.
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In the Liu family, the most difficult relationship is the relationship between the aunts and wives. Liu Wencai had five
Concubine Fang, the eldest wife Lu died of illness in the 1920s and had no descendants. two
His wife, Yang Zhonghua, was from Sanchachang, Dayi, and gave birth to four sons and three daughters to the Liu family.
It is said that "hard work brings high results", he has a prominent position, he can speak his words, and he ranks among the "
The position of "maternal wife". The third aunt, Lin Junru, and the fourth aunt, Liang Huilin, are cousins.
People from Yibin, Sichuan, are a pair of voluptuous women who are full of the dust of the city. A fight among three people
Jealousy, intrigues, incompatibility.
Liu Wencai married a total of 5 women in his life, including his first wife, Mrs. Lu, his first wife, Yang Zhonghua, and his concubine.
Ling Junru, Liang Huiru, Wang Yuqing, and only Yang Zhonghua has children. Third aunt Tai Lingjun
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Third Aunt Ling Junru
In the 1920s and 1930s, Liu Wencai's power in Yibin reached its peak. 1929,
Liu Wencai, 42, met Ling Junru, who was about 15 years old. Everything involving Ling Junru
Written materials all pointed out unanimously that she came from a prostitute family and was from Xufu (Yibin).
Former name: famous prostitute. The actual situation is much more complicated. According to Yibin folk culture scholar Ding Zhi
According to Ping's field research, Ling Junru's brother recalled to her that Ling Junru was born in Yi.
A native of Xiangbi Town, Bin County, his original surname is Yu. Her mother's surname was Liang. After her husband died, she took him with her
After Ling Junru married Ling Youcheng from Zongchang Town, Yibin County, she changed her name. Presumably,
Mother and daughter are most likely not related by blood, because the age difference between mother and daughter is not much different.
It turns out that the two younger brothers born to Liang's mother and Ling Youcheng are more than 20 years younger than Ling Junru.
In other words, the most likely possibility is that Ling Junru was adopted by Liang's mother.
In order to win Ling Junru's favor, Liu Wencai spent a lot of money. Ling Junru owns
There is a dazzling array of supplies and clothing of all kinds. Clothes need to be packed into 50 large boxes, all kinds of embroidery
There are more than 400 pairs of shoes, some of which are decorated with small bells made of gold, which jingle when walking.
A diamond ring is worth more than 5,000 yuan, cosmetics need to be packed in two large suitcases, and perfume is very expensive.
The ones made in France are not used. Usually Liu Wencai is busy with his business, but Ling Junru is tired of playing cards.
You will also climb to the Jiang Tower in Hejiangmen to have a panoramic view of the distant mountains and rivers. Ling Junru to the colorful world
I was very curious and watched from upstairs. Unexpectedly, I became the scenery of everyone on the pier.
Liu Wencai became so jealous that she ordered someone to knock down the man who was looking at the scenery. There was a curious onlooker.
Like a short winter melon, I rolled down the hundred steps of Hejiang Gate. Later, Ling
Junru won't go to "Jiajing Tower" anymore. In the autumn of 1932, Ling Junru
Following Liu Wencai, he left Yibin and went to Dayi. Ling Junru returned to China around the end of 1948
Guan Ying Street. Liu has a housekeeper who has been taking care of Liu's property in Yibin. Ling Junru relies on his
Now that she is living on rent, Ling Junru's clothes no longer have the same momentum as before.
In the blink of an eye, 1949 came, and Ling Junru was only in her 30s. Guan Ying Street mansion quilt
After confiscating it, she returned to the Ling family in Zongchang. Stepfather Ling Youcheng is old, but still beautiful
After counting the money, I went into the ancestral hall and went to a man named "Dajuanzi" who was seven or eight miles away.
There, two huts were built for her. A few months later, Ling Youcheng participated in the bandits and other
As charged, he was shot to death in accordance with the law. The hut of the "big family" was confiscated, and a
The family immediately became a bereaved dog. screen.width*0.7)
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11/03/1609/10034596_19.jpg">Yibin Guanying Street is located in the south city of the city, northeast and west
To the south, it connects Jiangmen Square in the east, Shouchang Temple Street and Liangfang Street in the west, with the remaining length of the street being 100 meters.
Approximately 5 meters wide. On both sides are ancient residences from the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, especially No. 10, 33 and 35.
The most complete preservation. They are composed of front, middle and back halls, etc., and are divided into four courtyards.
They cover an area of 536, 317 and 247 square meters respectively. Except for the back hall No. 35, which is a beam-carrying building,
They are all cross-door buildings, with small green tiles, lattice windows, and wooden walls.
Build a fire-sealing brick wall. Among them, No. 33 and No. 35 are also called "Liu Family Courtyard".
The address where Liu Wencai made his fortune in Yibin during the Republic of China was called East Courtyard, West Courtyard, and East Courtyard Gate.
There is a horizontal plaque with "Mozhuang Yiqing" written in running script on the forehead. The doors, windows and diagonal supports in the courtyard are decorated with various flower sculptures.
carve. Guan Ying Street is a well-preserved area in the urban area.
The relatively complete ancient streets of the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China are important in the study of local residential architecture and the history of the Republic of China.
It has important reference value.
Ling Junru sold some jewelry and started wandering with her younger brother. Ling Junru has one
My uncle and sister live in a place called "Western Suburbs" by Yibin people.
There are some slums on the line between the urban area and the train station, near the foot of Cuiping Mountain.
Ling Junru later built a shack in the western suburbs to settle down. Yibin is a land and water continent
At the dock, Ling Junru gradually got to know some boatmen, porters, horsemen, etc. "Next
"A powerful person", her increasingly difficult life forced her to take the path of a helpless woman.
The same old thing: prostitution. Sometimes, the price is just a bowl of noodles! Ling Junru suddenly became old
30 years old. People gradually fail to recognize the scenery that became the "Jingjing Building"
woman. On October 22, 1958, the Dayi County Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Dayi County People
The People's Committee requested that the information of Anren landlord Liu Wencai (such as
Biography, personal belongings, land ownership information, seals, photos, etc. and property)
All or most of them are in good condition and arranged and displayed according to their old appearance. During this period,
The staff of Dayi Manor Exhibition Hall went to Yibin to find Ling Junru, hoping that she would expose
The various humiliations and heinous crimes that bully landlords inflicted on themselves. Ling Jun sits like a piece of wood
He stood there with dull eyes, unkempt face, and didn't say a word for a whole day, which made people suspicious.
Her nerves were no longer normal, and the staff returned disappointed.
In 1961, Ling Junru went to Hengjiang Town to purchase goods. She suddenly fell ill and was trembling all over.
Commonly known as "Douying". According to Yibin folk culture scholar Ding Zhiping,
There are two versions of Ling Junru's final death: after her brother got off the train at Yibin Station with her on his back, Ling Junru died.
Jun Ru died. My younger brother was so poor that he didn’t have 5 cents to buy a straw mat, so he just took her
He carried her to the door of Ling Junru's uncle and sister and never returned. Another way to say it is:
Ling Junru was still breathing when she was put at the door. She even called out a few times, but who
I didn't dare to open the door. Early the next morning, my uncle and sister shouted loudly and arrogantly: "
Ouch, which one is this? Why did you die at my door? Forget it, I'll do a good deed,
Rest in peace! "This is to let the neighbors know that she has nothing to do with the deceased.
Just do good deeds. She wrapped Ling Junru in a straw mat. She was old and had no strength.
They were only moved a few dozen meters away from the house and buried in a shallow pit.
Ling Junru, wearing a fiery red sweater, ended her life of more than 40 years.
(According to "Chengdu Evening News") screen.width*0.7) this.width=screen.width*0.7;"
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11/03/1609/10034596_20.jpg">Liu Wencai’s third aunt, Ling Junru, used to be Yi
A promiscuous woman from Bin. When Liu Wencai was an official in Yibin, she met and married Ling.
In 1932, he was brought back to his hometown of Anren during the "Er-Liu War". Cause and effect
Two concubines had a disagreement and ran away from home (picture shows the third concubine Ling Junru's bedroom). Liu Wencai Er
Aunt - Yang Zhonghua's bedroom.screen.width*0.7)
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11/03/1609/10034596_21.jpg">April 24 of the lunar calendar in 1937, he was 52 years old
Liu Wencai married his last concubine, the 25-year-old fifth concubine Wang Yuqing. five
The concubine's life experience is very similar to Su Tong's fourth concubine Songlian, who had "a bunch of wives and concubines".
It is not easy for a girl from a small family in the countryside to marry into a big family in the town. old
After marriage, Liu Wencai loved her very much, but she had to live with her concubine.
It takes a lot of effort to rotate the footing. The eldest wife, Lu, died of illness in the 1920s and had no children. second wife
Yang Zhonghua has four sons and three daughters and is in a prominent position. The third aunt Ling Junru, the fourth aunt Liang Hui
Lin is each other's cousin, and the three of them are jealous and quarreling with each other. But the fifth aunt
He was so smart and well-behaved that he was favored by Liu Wencai until the time of liberation (October 1949).
Died of illness. This result is still different from Songlian. After liberation, she married again,
Later, her husband died of illness again, and later on, she was remembered by the government and could be found and criticized at any time.
fight. In 2004, she passed away at the age of 92. During her lifetime, she continued to
Every morning and evening, I would burn two sticks of incense for the 'old man' Liu Wencai. straight
Since then, the government and even the media have wanted to hear her hatred for Liu, but she has stubbornly refused to do so.
Ming Buhua always remembers Liu's kindness to her and feels that she was once very happy. Liu is seriously ill
At that time, he said to her more than once: "After I die, the person I will worry about the most is you.
Got it! "After they finished speaking, they hugged each other with tears streaming down their cheeks. This woman was like this
So completely conquered. screen.width*0.7) this.width=screen.width*0.7;"
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11/03/1609/10034596_22.jpg">Liu Wencai’s fifth aunt Wang Yuqing)
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m/DownloadImg/20
11/03/1609/10034596_23.jpg">The picture shows the bedroom of the fifth concubine Wang Yuqing
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11/03/1609/10034596_24.jpg">Rouge box used by Wang Yuqing). And as a reporter
Asked, "Do you think you and Liu Wencai were happy during the 12 years they lived together before liberation?"
"At that time, those who had been "baptized" by various political movements after liberation
Wang Yuqing still showed "stubbornness": "What a misfortune"
Blessed, it’s parasitic to have clothes to stretch out your hands and food to open your mouth.
Worm' life! "The reporter clearly felt that she had a lot of regrets about the past."
For a long time, there is a popular saying that Wang
Yuqing was spotted by Liu Wencai who was passing by while cutting firewood, and "occupied" her
Got it. When Wang was interviewed by reporters, he dismissed the rumors and even
Feeling a little angry. At that time, her eyes widened and she said, "I am the married man of the Ming Dynasty.
of! "Today, more than half a century after Liu Wencai died of illness, as his
My fifth aunt, Wang Yuqing still misses and prays for him so deeply, and she still misses her so much.
I forgot the days I spent with him. This was because of an ordinary Chinese woman like Wang Yuqing.
Are the words happy or sad?
No wonder some researchers commented on Wang Yuqing after her death, "She was born
She is the last remaining fifth aunt in mainland China. "" Cover the coffin
The conclusion is that she has become the fifth concubine forever, a tragic woman. "Liu
Wencai’s fifth aunt, Wang Yuqing, left. A woman, as the "Fifth Concubine"
”, her fate is sad; a woman, when she becomes spiritual
"Five Aunts" also interprets the tragedy of history. In the eyes of reporters
Wang Yuqing, Liu Wencai's fifth concubine, is such a woman. complete
After all, Wang Yuqing has become a historical figure in the past. So, I
We have no reason to be harsh on her. screen.width*0.7)
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11/03/1609/10034596_25.jpg">Fifth Aunt Tai Wang Yuqing Zhushiba Housing
Nowadays, when it comes to invasive alien species, people are familiar with them: "Scavenger", Brazilian turtle, alligator gar...
But it’s hard to imagine that a country in South America is being invaded by hippos. A large number of hippos are raging in Colombia, and their numbers continue to surge.
They wander the streets, bite people in villages, and produce huge amounts of feces in rivers. They make the lives of Colombia's native animals worse than death, and their numbers have dropped sharply, making the already bad situation worse.
Seeing this, most people will be confused: How did these guys who originally lived in Africa cross the ocean and come to Colombia? How did you end up wandering?
"Cocaine Hippopotamus"
The story begins with a Colombian man named Pablo Escobar.
Pablo was once a rich man and was once selected as one of the seven richest people in the world by Fortune magazine. The way he made his fortune is harder to imitate - selling drugs. He once maintained a private armed force of 40,000 people, with better equipment than the government army, including tanks, helicopters, and even small submarines. He established a drug empire called the "Medellin Cartel" in Colombia and beat the government to its knees.
If you are interested in his story, you can watch the American TV series "Narcos".
Drug lord Pablo and his hippopotamus pictures/video screenshots
After having too much money to spend, Pablo began to build schools, hospitals, churches, and even houses for the poor, becoming a well-known "good man" from all over the country.
In the 1980s, after Pablo became a "good man", he found that his 20 square kilometers of manor seemed a bit empty, so he decided to build a zoo at home.
Through illegal smuggling, Pablo obtained various animals including elephants, ostriches, rhinos, kangaroos, among which were four hippos, one male and three females.
China News Weekly learned that various versions of the story have described that these four hippos were smuggled from Africa by Pablo through personal connections. In fact, Pablo did smuggle a large number of animals, but these four hippos were imported from a wildlife breeding center in Dallas, USA.
In the American drama "Narcos", Pablo once kidnapped the Mexican drug lord Miguel to his estate and threatened to throw him into a hippopotamus pool. In the drama, Pablo once described the hippopotamus like this:
"They look gentle, like a baby, fat and bald, but it's very irritable. If you touch something it cares about, it'll bite you in two."
I have to say that Pablo understands hippos very well.
In 1993, Pablo was shot dead by the government after escaping from prison. The manor was confiscated, and most of the animals in the zoo were returned to the public zoo opened by the government, except for the four hippos.
They were adults and were inconvenient to move due to their huge size. The local zoo was unable to take them over. In the end, they were temporarily left in the empty manor and were called "cocaine hippos."
"My home, my paradise"
At first, the four hippos, "one king and three queens", were anxious due to lack of food, but this anxiety was soon dispelled.
Native to Africa, the hippopotamus' main habitat is south of the Sahara Desert. In the hippopotamus' hometown, there are distinct dry and rainy seasons. The rainy season is natural and comfortable, but in the dry season, hippos even have to face the test of dehydration due to various reasons such as lower water lines, rising temperatures, and direct sunlight.
But in Colombia it's a different story. Pablo Manor, located in the middle reaches of the Magdalena River, has abundant water resources, no dry season, and plenty of food around the river. More importantly, there are no competitors in nature that match the size of the hippos. For hippos, this is simply their "paradise". Even without Pablo's "care", the life of the four hippos is still very good.
Hippopotamus pictures/video screenshots in Colombia
Thus, their unrestrained, carefree, and shameless life began. Slowly, they discovered that their scope of activities was no longer limited to the manor. The outside of the manor was also good, and their sphere of influence continued to expand.
By around 2006, the number of hippos near the manor had increased from the original 4 to 16. By 2019, this number had increased to 120. By the end of 2023, scientists analyzed that there were more than 200 hippos in Colombia. Hippo populations are increasing exponentially, and if left unchecked, there will be thousands of hippos in Colombia within a few decades.
The person in charge of a domestic zoo told China News Weekly that hippos in estrus appear to be very "casual". Compared with some animals that "sit calmly", hippos are of the type that "will not reject anyone who comes", which makes hippopotamus breeding easier. In an artificial environment, if you want to prevent it from reproducing, you need a lot of human intervention, and you even need to reduce its living space to prevent it from mating, but in the wild, none of this exists.
Unlike other invasive alien species that appear to be "harmless to humans and animals," hippos are, as Pablo said, very irritable.
According to incomplete statistics, after Pablo's death, there have been many incidents of hippos hurting people in Colombia, including: entering the elementary school playground for a walk and suddenly charging at elementary school students, suddenly attacking a man's buttocks on the roadside in the middle of the night, attacking a fishing guy by the river and throwing him into the air, biting a fishing boat and sinking it...
I can’t catch up, and I can’t find the “egg” if I catch up.
The increase in the number of hippos not only threatens the lives and property of surrounding people, but also causes great damage and impact on the ecology.
Eutrophication has occurred in the river channels along the Magdalena River where hippos gather. The ecological niche of semi-aquatic and herbivorous mammals in the Magdalena River Basin has been occupied. The living conditions of capybaras and manatees have declined sharply. There are also some endangered amphibians and reptiles that have become difficult to trace after the increase in the number of hippos.
In fact, the Colombian government has long been aware of the consequences of hippo population growth and has begun trying to change some of the status quo.
In 2009, the Colombian military once killed a hippopotamus, but it was dissatisfied by the people of the country. Some American environmentalists even came to Colombia across the border to demonstrate in protest. Domestic and foreign protesters have reached a high degree of unity in their attitude: "Hippopotamus are so cute, how can you kill them casually?"
Therefore, after 2010, the Colombian government began to seek to control the number of hippos through sterilization. But when this thing is done, people realize how laborious it is.
The prerequisite for sterilization is anesthesia, and hunting down a hippopotamus to anesthetize it usually requires the cooperation of multiple adult men. They have bad tempers, huge bodies, and unpredictable movements, so various difficulties often arise.
Difficulties include but are not limited to: not being able to find it, finding it but not being able to catch up, catching up but not being hit, being hit with not enough medicine but not being numb, being numb with too much medicine and not waking up...
But actually numbing the hippos is the first step in the task of sterilizing them. The testicles of the hippopotamus can be said to be a miracle of evolution in the biological world. The hippopotamus has no scrotum and the testicles are completely hidden in the body. The hippopotamus has a special tube to hide the testicles, which allows the testicles to move within the body.
The difficulty of sterilizing a hippopotamus can be said to be epic. It often takes a long time after anesthesia, and the doctor is still groping for the hippo's crotch to determine the location of its testicles.
Pictures/video screenshots of hippopotamus sterilization surgery
The key is that the position of each hippopotamus' testicles is uncertain after being numbed, which means that this task is often done and there is no strategy to check. It was not until the veterinary team adopted ultrasound technology that the situation became slightly easier.
Subsequently, the Colombian government decided to abandon the once backward "egg-hunting sterilization" method and instead used contraceptive injections, injecting a contraceptive vaccine into the hippopotamus to achieve a short-term contraceptive effect. In 2021, 24 hippos received this kind of contraceptive injection, but for the growing number of hippos, this is still a drop in the bucket.
Some scientists predict that without effective intervention, the huge number of hippos will further harm Colombia's ecological environment by 2030, and the safety of local residents will also be greater threatened.
References
"Cocaine" hippopotamus: Hunt or protect? 》Chinese Science Journal
Tianyancha shows that Fujian Lukun Min Digital Technology Co., Ltd. was recently established. The legal representative is Li Huanghuang, with a registered capital of 10 million yuan. It is wholly owned by Xiamen Zhongluda Import and Export Co., Ltd.
No. Name of shareholder Shareholding ratio 1 Xiamen Zhongluda Import and Export Co., Ltd. 100%
The business scope includes science and technology promotion and application services; agricultural machinery services; irrigation services; technical services, technology development, technical consultation, technology exchange, technology transfer, technology promotion; primary processing of edible agricultural products; primary processing services of agricultural products (excluding vegetable oils, rice, flour processing, grain purchase, seed cotton processing); fertilizer sales; compound microbial fertilizer research and development; chemical fertilizer sales; Crop seed management (only packaged seeds that are no longer repackaged); agricultural film sales; agricultural and horticultural services; intelligent agricultural management; agricultural scientific research and experimental development; software development; investment activities with own funds; financing consulting services; information consulting services (excluding licensing information consulting services); information technology consulting services; business agency services; housing leasing. (Except for projects that require approval according to law, business activities can be carried out independently with a business license and in accordance with the law).
Company name Fujian Lukun Min Digital Technology Co., Ltd. Legal representative Li Huihuang Registered capital 10 million yuan National standard Industry Agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery > Agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery professional and auxiliary activities > Agricultural professional and auxiliary activities Address No. 101, No. 10, Wuxian Middle Road, Wuxian Town, Tong'an District, Xiamen City Enterprise Type Limited Liability Company (a sole proprietorship of a natural person invested or controlled by a natural person) Business period 2026-3-11 to no fixed period
According to Xinhua News Agency, U.S. White House Press Secretary Levitt said at a press conference on the 10th that Trump "does not rule out" any option in military action against Iran, including the deployment of U.S. ground troops.
It is worth mentioning that when Levitt was asked a week ago whether U.S. ground troops would be sent to Iran, Levitt said: "These measures are currently not included in this action plan."
According to China News Agency, citing the Wall Street Journal, U.S. President Trump said on March 7 that sending ground troops to Iran was "possible," but only for "very good reasons."
According to reports, the U.S. Army recently suddenly canceled a major exercise scheduled to be held in Louisiana by a brigade combat team of about 4,000 to 5,000 people under the 82nd Airborne Division, and ordered the combat team to stay in North Carolina and be ready to deploy and perform various tasks within 18 hours of receiving relevant instructions, including seizing airports and other critical infrastructure, reinforcing the U.S. embassy, and conducting emergency evacuations.
The report stated that as of the 6th, the combat team had not received new orders, but the relevant situation has triggered speculation within the US Department of Defense: As the scale of the conflict with Iran expands, soldiers specialized in ground combat and a series of other tasks may be sent to the Middle East.
In addition, U.S. Defense Secretary Hergseth has also stated that he does not rule out the possibility of sending U.S. ground troops to Iran. He pointed out that the Pentagon is trying to minimize bloodshed on the US side while ensuring a quick and decisive victory.
Currently, the US government has not yet made a final decision on sending ground troops to Iran. However, Iran has repeatedly warned of possible ground invasion by the United States.
Larijani, secretary of Iran's Supreme National Security Council, posted on social media on the 5th that if the US military invades Iran, "thousands of people will be killed and captured." Iranian Foreign Minister Araghchi said in an interview with NBC on the same day that Iran is ready to counterattack the US invasion.
"We are waiting for them," Araghchi said, "because we are confident that against them it will be a disaster for them."
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