Liu Wencai and his concubines
The battle between Liu and Liu broke out and Liu Wenhui lost. After Liu Wencai lost his military in southern Sichuan
As a result, his power was lost and he had to retreat to his hometown in Dayi. Before he fled the Syrian government,
In the name of "Commander Qingxiang", he was ordered to collect "national defense donations" of 200,000 yuan in the city within two days. have to
After taking control of the army, he focused on allocating funds and forcing businessmen and other wealthy families to "raise military pay." he
Soldiers, armed with bayonets and baskets, knocked on doors and beat households, performing a "forced collection" and "beating on doors"
The scandal of "donating". After the great looting in southern Sichuan, Liu Wencai took more than 20 wooden boats with him.
More than 4,500 boxes of gold and silver treasures (including more than 8 million silver dollars) fled back to their hometown in Dayi. Liu
While Wen Cai was in southern Sichuan, he sent people back to his hometown several times to build mansions and buy land. Retreat to Dayi
Soon after, his farmland soared to more than 15,000 acres, covering 11 areas in Dayi and western Sichuan.
county. Including his brothers and nephews, the Liu family occupied and annexed nearly 300,000 acres of land.
At that time, there was a ballad in this area that said: "Everyone in the land is named Liu, and the farmers' blood and sweat are
He streams ".screen.width*0.7)this.width=screen.width*0.7;"
onmousewheel="returnimgzoom(this);"border=0alt=Click here to open in new window
Browse pictures src="http://image25.360doc/DownloadImg/2011/03/1
609/10034596_15.jpg"onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7)
this.width=screen.width*0.7;"src_cetemp="http://image25.360doc.co
m/DownloadImg/20
11/03/1609/10034596_15.jpg">
Liu Wencai Mansion in Dayi, Sichuan
The large amount of land owned by Liu Wencai was plundered through extremely barbaric and despicable means.
came. In the Exhibition Hall of Dayi Landlord Manor, there are still more than 300 stamps with stamps and stamps on them.
Officially stamped blank contract. These official deeds were obtained by Liu Wencai from the Sichuan Provincial Department of Finance in Dayi.
of. At that time, Liu Wencai took a fancy to someone's land, so he filled in the landowner's surname on the official deed.
name, the land was deemed to be "controlled by the government" and "sold" to Liu Wencai. This kind of will
The method of forcibly occupying farmers' fields as "ownerless fields" is called "unclaimed fields". then,
Farmers guarding a small amount of "survival farmland" are always in fear. because of their soil
Liu Wencai may regard him as "Noda" and take over the land at any time. "Buy Feitian". Liu Wencai
Let his cronies pretend to be landowners and forcefully "buy" the land that farmers are unwilling to sell. "
"Eat the heart and the land". The landowner is unwilling to sell the land, but cannot use the above method to seize it, Liu Wencai
They bought all the surrounding fields, cut off the water source, and forced the landowners to be unable to cultivate.
So that he can sell it at the low price stipulated by Liu Wencai and "buy official land". When brothers in the old society separated,
Parents withdraw part of the land for retirement, and after their death this part of the land is sometimes used as "
The "official land" was preserved, and it became the object of Liu Wencai's grab. "Buying the disputed land".
Taking advantage of the land disputes caused by some small landowners, Liu Wencai expanded the disputes in the name of mediation.
Thus achieving its purpose of annexing land. In fact, in order to occupy farmers' land, Liu
Literary talent is used in every possible way. At the exhibition site of the murderous tyranny in the manor exhibition hall, there is a
This tangerine tree was planted by Liu Yishan in his yard more than 50 years ago.
The historical witness of Liu Wencai’s murder. In order to occupy Liu Yishan's six acres of paddy fields and
He forced his mother to death, shot three innocent helpers, and took Liu Yishan to the house.
Put in jail. Liu Wencai used cruel and barbaric means to take the land from the hands of farmers
At the same time, he rented small pieces of these lands to farmers for cultivation.
to exploit farmers by various means. When farmers rent Liu Wencai's land, first of all
You need to pay a deposit for all the Liu Wencai family's tenant land deeds stored in the old mansion.
Each copy has a record of first handing over "Stable Silver". "Stable Silver" is the deposit. deposit
It is interest-free and will be returned in full when the tenancy is terminated. However, due to inflation at the time, rent
The deposit, which was very valuable at the time of tenancy, has often depreciated significantly when the tenancy is surrendered. Liu Wencai
They often use the means of withdrawing their tenants and seizing their fields, coercing farmers into signing new contracts, re-surrendering them, or seizing them.
Tian Yi tenant. During this period of time when the tenants were seized, the deposits soaked with the blood and sweat of the farmers were often lost to them.
Embezzled. So the tenants said, "Push, pledge, you are really a thousand-pound gate on the farmers' heads."
moans. However, the land rent and usury exploitation suffered by the tenants were greater than the exploitation of deposits.
Peeling is much more brutal. Liu Wencai charges high "iron plate rent" ("fixed rent") from farmers,
Also known as "dead rent"), often as high as about 80% of the annual output at that time, and regardless of the current
Whether the annual harvest is good or bad, whether there are natural disasters or man-made disasters, and whether the rented grain is "not allowed to be late in payment of debts", Guang is forced to raise the
"When the mixing bucket (a threshing tool for millet and wheat) rings, the big farmer bursts into tears."
The farmers were desperate and had to borrow money from Liu Wencai, who took the opportunity to exploit them at high profits.
When farmers borrow money to borrow grain, Liu Wencai first deducts all the interest, which is called "beheading profit".
In addition, plus "market interest" (one market every three days, nine games a month, each market plus interest)
Wait, engage in usury exploitation, even lend money out during the day, and send out bandits and gangsters at night
"Bang Ke" grabbed it back, and Liu Wencai sat on the ground to share the spoils. When collecting rent and making loan sharks,
Liu Wencai also used big dou and big scale to earn money, while small dou and small scale released his hands.
Section aggravates the exploitation of farmers. It’s true: “Farmers have three knives over their heads: high rent, heavy mortgage,
Interest rates are high. "Liu Wencai used these "three knives" in turn to knock out the farmers' bones and suck out their marrow.
Squeeze and exploitation have caused thousands of farmers to lose their fortunes and scatter their wives and children. Liu Wen
In addition to exploiting and oppressing farmers, Cai and his family also engaged in
Banks such as "Renhe", "Yutong", "Chengyi" and "Huitong" were opened in Hainan and other places to fake national
The Kuomintang's "central bank" currency controls finance, manipulates the market, and speculates everywhere.
Extract the blood and sweat of working people. Liu Wencai returned to his hometown in Dayi from southern Sichuan in 1932
Later, relying on the guns and seals of warlord Liu and the remaining power of the war in southern Sichuan,
With Anren Town as the center, it continues to expand its power. After a series of elimination of dissidents, forming cliques,
Gangsters, hooligans and other social underworld forces threaten some people. formed a so-called
The feudal Pao Ge organized the "Public Welfare Association" with "100,000 brothers and more than 10,000 guns".
There are "piers" (i.e. branches) in 18 counties and cities.
Liu Wencai himself served as vice president, and asked his third brother Liu Wencheng to serve as president. The headquarters was located in Anren.
town. To this day, the headquarters site is still well preserved. In order to be able to manipulate "public welfare" easily
"Xiejin Society", Liu Wencai implemented a set of feudal patriarchal rule over it.
The hierarchy of the ministry is strict and members must obey the "charter" and "discipline". In this way, "Public Welfare Association"
Wherever the tentacles of "Jinshe" extend, it becomes Liu Wencai's sphere of influence. Liu Wencai
In order to protect his mansion, Cai set up an armed guard with a pistol company and raised
A large number of bodyguards. He also made special torture instruments and set up private courts. In 1948, Liu Wencai
Suppressed the "Two-Five-Year Rent Reduction" struggle of farmers in Dayi, and in 1949 masterminded the murder of Zhong
Xiao Rulin, a member of the Communist Party of China, and other comrades. In 1949, the People's Liberation Army of China
Marching to the southwest with great momentum. Liu Wencai was at the end of her rope, terrified, October 17
Died of illness in Chengdu.
screen.width*0.7)this.width=screen.width*0.7;"
onmousewheel="returnimgzoom(this);"border=0alt=Click here to open in new window
Browse pictures
src="http://image25.360doc/DownloadImg/2011/03/1
609/10034596_16.jpg"onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7)
this.width=screen.width*0.7;"
src_cetemp="http://image25.360doc/DownloadImg/20
11/03/1609/10034596_16.jpg">Landlord's manor floor plan Liu Wencai's Ford car
screen.width*0.7) this.width=screen.width*0.7;"
onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" border=0 alt= Click here to open in new window
Browse pictures
src="http://image25.360doc/DownloadImg/2011/03/1
609/10034596_17.jpg"
src_cetemp="http://image25.360doc/DownloadImg/20
11/03/1609/10034596_17.jpg">
In the Liu family, the most difficult relationship is the relationship between the aunts and wives. Liu Wencai had five
Concubine Fang, the eldest wife Lu died of illness in the 1920s and had no descendants. two
His wife, Yang Zhonghua, was from Sanchachang, Dayi, and gave birth to four sons and three daughters to the Liu family.
It is said that "hard work brings high results", he has a prominent position, he can speak his words, and he ranks among the "
The position of "maternal wife". The third aunt, Lin Junru, and the fourth aunt, Liang Huilin, are cousins.
People from Yibin, Sichuan, are a pair of voluptuous women who are full of the dust of the city. A fight among three people
Jealousy, intrigues, incompatibility.
Liu Wencai married a total of 5 women in his life, including his first wife, Mrs. Lu, his first wife, Yang Zhonghua, and his concubine.
Ling Junru, Liang Huiru, Wang Yuqing, and only Yang Zhonghua has children. Third aunt Tai Lingjun
Like a life full of ups and downs, your destiny is strange and tragic. screen.width*0.7)
this.width=screen.width*0.7;" onmousewheel="return
imgzoom(this);" border=0 alt= Click here to browse the picture in a new window
src="http://image25.360doc/DownloadImg/2011/03/1
609/10034596_18.jpg"
src_cetemp="http://image25.360doc/DownloadImg/20
11/03/1609/10034596_18.jpg">
Third Aunt Ling Junru
In the 1920s and 1930s, Liu Wencai's power in Yibin reached its peak. 1929,
Liu Wencai, 42, met Ling Junru, who was about 15 years old. Everything involving Ling Junru
Written materials all pointed out unanimously that she came from a prostitute family and was from Xufu (Yibin).
Former name: famous prostitute. The actual situation is much more complicated. According to Yibin folk culture scholar Ding Zhi
According to Ping's field research, Ling Junru's brother recalled to her that Ling Junru was born in Yi.
A native of Xiangbi Town, Bin County, his original surname is Yu. Her mother's surname was Liang. After her husband died, she took him with her
After Ling Junru married Ling Youcheng from Zongchang Town, Yibin County, she changed her name. Presumably,
Mother and daughter are most likely not related by blood, because the age difference between mother and daughter is not much different.
It turns out that the two younger brothers born to Liang's mother and Ling Youcheng are more than 20 years younger than Ling Junru.
In other words, the most likely possibility is that Ling Junru was adopted by Liang's mother.
In order to win Ling Junru's favor, Liu Wencai spent a lot of money. Ling Junru owns
There is a dazzling array of supplies and clothing of all kinds. Clothes need to be packed into 50 large boxes, all kinds of embroidery
There are more than 400 pairs of shoes, some of which are decorated with small bells made of gold, which jingle when walking.
A diamond ring is worth more than 5,000 yuan, cosmetics need to be packed in two large suitcases, and perfume is very expensive.
The ones made in France are not used. Usually Liu Wencai is busy with his business, but Ling Junru is tired of playing cards.
You will also climb to the Jiang Tower in Hejiangmen to have a panoramic view of the distant mountains and rivers. Ling Junru to the colorful world
I was very curious and watched from upstairs. Unexpectedly, I became the scenery of everyone on the pier.
Liu Wencai became so jealous that she ordered someone to knock down the man who was looking at the scenery. There was a curious onlooker.
Like a short winter melon, I rolled down the hundred steps of Hejiang Gate. Later, Ling
Junru won't go to "Jiajing Tower" anymore. In the autumn of 1932, Ling Junru
Following Liu Wencai, he left Yibin and went to Dayi. Ling Junru returned to China around the end of 1948
Guan Ying Street. Liu has a housekeeper who has been taking care of Liu's property in Yibin. Ling Junru relies on his
Now that she is living on rent, Ling Junru's clothes no longer have the same momentum as before.
In the blink of an eye, 1949 came, and Ling Junru was only in her 30s. Guan Ying Street mansion quilt
After confiscating it, she returned to the Ling family in Zongchang. Stepfather Ling Youcheng is old, but still beautiful
After counting the money, I went into the ancestral hall and went to a man named "Dajuanzi" who was seven or eight miles away.
There, two huts were built for her. A few months later, Ling Youcheng participated in the bandits and other
As charged, he was shot to death in accordance with the law. The hut of the "big family" was confiscated, and a
The family immediately became a bereaved dog. screen.width*0.7)
this.width=screen.width*0.7;" onmousewheel="return
imgzoom(this);" border=0 alt= Click here to browse the picture in a new window
src="http://image25.360doc/DownloadImg/2011/03/1
609/10034596_19.jpg"
src_cetemp="http://image25.360doc/DownloadImg/20
11/03/1609/10034596_19.jpg">Yibin Guanying Street is located in the south city of the city, northeast and west
To the south, it connects Jiangmen Square in the east, Shouchang Temple Street and Liangfang Street in the west, with the remaining length of the street being 100 meters.
Approximately 5 meters wide. On both sides are ancient residences from the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, especially No. 10, 33 and 35.
The most complete preservation. They are composed of front, middle and back halls, etc., and are divided into four courtyards.
They cover an area of 536, 317 and 247 square meters respectively. Except for the back hall No. 35, which is a beam-carrying building,
They are all cross-door buildings, with small green tiles, lattice windows, and wooden walls.
Build a fire-sealing brick wall. Among them, No. 33 and No. 35 are also called "Liu Family Courtyard".
The address where Liu Wencai made his fortune in Yibin during the Republic of China was called East Courtyard, West Courtyard, and East Courtyard Gate.
There is a horizontal plaque with "Mozhuang Yiqing" written in running script on the forehead. The doors, windows and diagonal supports in the courtyard are decorated with various flower sculptures.
carve. Guan Ying Street is a well-preserved area in the urban area.
The relatively complete ancient streets of the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China are important in the study of local residential architecture and the history of the Republic of China.
It has important reference value.
Ling Junru sold some jewelry and started wandering with her younger brother. Ling Junru has one
My uncle and sister live in a place called "Western Suburbs" by Yibin people.
There are some slums on the line between the urban area and the train station, near the foot of Cuiping Mountain.
Ling Junru later built a shack in the western suburbs to settle down. Yibin is a land and water continent
At the dock, Ling Junru gradually got to know some boatmen, porters, horsemen, etc. "Next
"A powerful person", her increasingly difficult life forced her to take the path of a helpless woman.
The same old thing: prostitution. Sometimes, the price is just a bowl of noodles! Ling Junru suddenly became old
30 years old. People gradually fail to recognize the scenery that became the "Jingjing Building"
woman. On October 22, 1958, the Dayi County Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Dayi County People
The People's Committee requested that the information of Anren landlord Liu Wencai (such as
Biography, personal belongings, land ownership information, seals, photos, etc. and property)
All or most of them are in good condition and arranged and displayed according to their old appearance. During this period,
The staff of Dayi Manor Exhibition Hall went to Yibin to find Ling Junru, hoping that she would expose
The various humiliations and heinous crimes that bully landlords inflicted on themselves. Ling Jun sits like a piece of wood
He stood there with dull eyes, unkempt face, and didn't say a word for a whole day, which made people suspicious.
Her nerves were no longer normal, and the staff returned disappointed.
In 1961, Ling Junru went to Hengjiang Town to purchase goods. She suddenly fell ill and was trembling all over.
Commonly known as "Douying". According to Yibin folk culture scholar Ding Zhiping,
There are two versions of Ling Junru's final death: after her brother got off the train at Yibin Station with her on his back, Ling Junru died.
Jun Ru died. My younger brother was so poor that he didn’t have 5 cents to buy a straw mat, so he just took her
He carried her to the door of Ling Junru's uncle and sister and never returned. Another way to say it is:
Ling Junru was still breathing when she was put at the door. She even called out a few times, but who
I didn't dare to open the door. Early the next morning, my uncle and sister shouted loudly and arrogantly: "
Ouch, which one is this? Why did you die at my door? Forget it, I'll do a good deed,
Rest in peace! "This is to let the neighbors know that she has nothing to do with the deceased.
Just do good deeds. She wrapped Ling Junru in a straw mat. She was old and had no strength.
They were only moved a few dozen meters away from the house and buried in a shallow pit.
Ling Junru, wearing a fiery red sweater, ended her life of more than 40 years.
(According to "Chengdu Evening News") screen.width*0.7) this.width=screen.width*0.7;"
onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" border=0 alt= Click here to open in new window
Browse pictures src="http://image25.360doc/DownloadImg/2011/03/1
609/10034596_20.jpg"
src_cetemp="http://image25.360doc/DownloadImg/20
11/03/1609/10034596_20.jpg">Liu Wencai’s third aunt, Ling Junru, used to be Yi
A promiscuous woman from Bin. When Liu Wencai was an official in Yibin, she met and married Ling.
In 1932, he was brought back to his hometown of Anren during the "Er-Liu War". Cause and effect
Two concubines had a disagreement and ran away from home (picture shows the third concubine Ling Junru's bedroom). Liu Wencai Er
Aunt – Yang Zhonghua's bedroom.screen.width*0.7)
this.width=screen.width*0.7;" onmousewheel="return
imgzoom(this);" border=0 alt= Click here to browse the picture in a new window
src="http://image25.360doc/DownloadImg/2011/03/1
609/10034596_21.jpg"
src_cetemp="http://image25.360doc/DownloadImg/20
11/03/1609/10034596_21.jpg">April 24 of the lunar calendar in 1937, he was 52 years old
Liu Wencai married his last concubine, the 25-year-old fifth concubine Wang Yuqing. five
The concubine's life experience is very similar to Su Tong's fourth concubine Songlian, who had "a bunch of wives and concubines".
It is not easy for a girl from a small family in the countryside to marry into a big family in the town. old
After marriage, Liu Wencai loved her very much, but she had to live with her concubine.
It takes a lot of effort to rotate the footing. The eldest wife, Lu, died of illness in the 1920s and had no children. second wife
Yang Zhonghua has four sons and three daughters and is in a prominent position. The third aunt Ling Junru, the fourth aunt Liang Hui
Lin is each other's cousin, and the three of them are jealous and quarreling with each other. But the fifth aunt
He was so smart and well-behaved that he was favored by Liu Wencai until the time of liberation (October 1949).
Died of illness. This result is still different from Songlian. After liberation, she married again,
Later, her husband died of illness again, and later on, she was remembered by the government and could be found and criticized at any time.
fight. In 2004, she passed away at the age of 92. During her lifetime, she continued to
Every morning and evening, I would burn two sticks of incense for the 'old man' Liu Wencai. straight
Since then, the government and even the media have wanted to hear her hatred for Liu, but she has stubbornly refused to do so.
Ming Buhua always remembers Liu's kindness to her and feels that she was once very happy. Liu is seriously ill
At that time, he said to her more than once: "After I die, the person I will worry about the most is you.
Got it! "After they finished speaking, they hugged each other with tears streaming down their cheeks. This woman was like this
So completely conquered. screen.width*0.7) this.width=screen.width*0.7;"
onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" border=0 alt= Click here to open in new window
Browse pictures src="http://image25.360doc/DownloadImg/2011/03/1
609/10034596_22.jpg"
src_cetemp="http://image25.360doc/DownloadImg/20
11/03/1609/10034596_22.jpg">Liu Wencai’s fifth aunt Wang Yuqing)
screen.width*0.7) this.width=screen.width*0.7;"
onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" border=0 alt= Click here to open in new window
Browse pictures src="http://image25.360doc/DownloadImg/2011/03/1
609/10034596_23.jpg"src_cetemp="http://image25.360doc.co
m/DownloadImg/20
11/03/1609/10034596_23.jpg">The picture shows the bedroom of the fifth concubine Wang Yuqing
screen.width*0.7) this.width=screen.width*0.7;"
onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" border=0 alt= click here
Browse pictures in new window
src="http://image25.360doc/DownloadImg/2011/03/1
609/10034596_24.jpg"
src_cetemp="http://image25.360doc/DownloadImg/20
11/03/1609/10034596_24.jpg">Rouge box used by Wang Yuqing). And as a reporter
Asked, "Do you think you and Liu Wencai were happy during the 12 years they lived together before liberation?"
"At that time, those who had been "baptized" by various political movements after liberation
Wang Yuqing still showed "stubbornness": "What a misfortune"
Blessed, it’s parasitic to have clothes to stretch out your hands and food to open your mouth.
Worm' life! "The reporter clearly felt that she had a lot of regrets about the past."
For a long time, there is a popular saying that Wang
Yuqing was spotted by Liu Wencai who was passing by while cutting firewood, and "occupied" her
Got it. When Wang was interviewed by reporters, he dismissed the rumors and even
Feeling a little angry. At that time, her eyes widened and she said, "I am the married man of the Ming Dynasty.
of! "Today, more than half a century after Liu Wencai died of illness, as his
My fifth aunt, Wang Yuqing still misses and prays for him so deeply, and she still misses her so much.
I forgot the days I spent with him. This was because of an ordinary Chinese woman like Wang Yuqing.
Are the words happy or sad?
No wonder some researchers commented on Wang Yuqing after her death, "She was born
She is the last remaining fifth aunt in mainland China. "" Cover the coffin
The conclusion is that she has become the fifth concubine forever, a tragic woman. "Liu
Wencai’s fifth aunt, Wang Yuqing, left. A woman, as the "Fifth Concubine"
”, her fate is sad; a woman, when she becomes spiritual
"Five Aunts" also interprets the tragedy of history. In the eyes of reporters
Wang Yuqing, Liu Wencai's fifth concubine, is such a woman. complete
After all, Wang Yuqing has become a historical figure in the past. So, I
We have no reason to be harsh on her. screen.width*0.7)
this.width=screen.width*0.7;" onmousewheel="return
imgzoom(this);" border=0 alt= Click here to browse the picture in a new window
src="http://image25.360doc/DownloadImg/2011/03/1
609/10034596_25.jpg"
src_cetemp="http://image25.360doc/DownloadImg/20
11/03/1609/10034596_25.jpg">Fifth Aunt Tai Wang Yuqing Zhushiba Housing
